Surgical specimens from 44 patients with breast cancer who had undergone lumpectomy or mastectomy were analyzed by immunoblot analysis and immunohistochemical analysis to determine the expression profile of the constitutively expressed form of cyclooxygenase (COX-1) and the inducible form (COX-2); the specimens from 14 patients included normal breast tissue.
Furthermore, the observed inhibitory effects of silymarin on COX-2 and IL-1alpha should be further explored to develop preventive strategies against those cancers in which these molecular targets play one of the causative roles, such as non-melanoma skin, colon, and breast cancers in humans.
In this study we investigated whether expression of the inducible isoform of Cox (Cox-2) is linked with the multidrug resistance phenotype in breast cancer.
These results strengthen the rationale for developing clinical trials to determine whether selective Cox-2 inhibitors possess anticancer properties in humans at risk for breast cancer.
Aberrant upregulation of COX-2 enzyme resulting in accumulation of PGE2 in a cancer cell environment is a marker for progression of many cancers, including breast cancer.
The present study aims to compare COX-2 mRNA expression with hormone receptor status, S-phase fraction, telomerase activity, and DNA ploidy in human breast cancer.
Since both COX-2 and iNOS are implicated in breast cancer progression, our findings of EP(4) receptor-mediated upregulation of iNOS in COX-2-expressing breast cancer cells suggest that blocking COX-2 and/or EP(4) may provide a simple therapeutic modality in this tumor model.
While COX-2 expression in normal breast epithelium in vivo has not been proven to be linked to an increased risk of breast cancer, its over-expression in the premalignant model in vitro does provide preliminary evidence that COX-2 inhibition may be a useful chemoprevention strategy.
This review focuses on the molecular targeting compounds directed against the known molecular pathways involved in breast cancer such as: type I growth factors (HER-2/neu; epidermal growth factor receptor [EGFR]), angiogenesis, cyclooxigenase-2 (COX-2) and farnesylation.
Study of COX-2, Ki67, and p53 expression to predict effectiveness of 5-flurouracil, epirubicin and cyclophosphamide with celecoxib treatment in breast cancer patients.
Higher levels of COX-2 isoform were observed in breast cancer tissue when compared to normal breast tissue, and a strong association between CYP19 gene expression and the expression of COX genes are found.
Quantitative analysis of aromatase mRNA expression derived from various promoters (I.4, I.3, PII and I.7) and its association with expression of TNF-alpha, IL-6 and COX-2 mRNAs in human breast cancer.
Studies have shown higher levels of COX-2 isoform in breast cancer tissue when compared to normal breast tissue, and this is accompanied by high concentrations of prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)).