A multi-locus interaction between rs6442925 in the 5' upstream of BHLHB2, rs1534891 in CSNK1E, and rs534654 near the 3' end of the CLOCK gene, however, is significantly associated with BP (P = 0.00000172).
Based on the relationship between circadian clock genes pathway and BD/AAD we decided to test the connection of four core clock genes with common genetic background of both diseases.
Irregularity of the sleep-wake rhythm, eveningness chronotype, abnormality of melatonin secretion, vulnerability of clock genes, and the irregularity of social time cues have also been well-documented in BD.
It is proposed that BD with SP may be considered as a complex disorder resulting from the interaction of clock gene vulnerabilities and biological clock neuroplasticity, with environmental factors, such as the response to light.
One of the human circadian clock genes, cryptochrome 1 (Cry1) (located on 12q23-q24.1) was analyzed because of its close correspondence to a linkage hotspot for bipolar disorder.
Our analysis reveals previously unrecognized associations between clock genes and BD-spectrum illnesses, partly reconciling previously discordant results from past GWAS and candidate gene studies.
Preliminary studies suggest that lithium (Li) response might be associated with some circadian gene polymorphisms, we therefore performed a pharmacogenetic study on the core clock genes in two independent samples suffering from bipolar disorder (BD) and thoroughly characterized for their Li response.
Previously, we found correlations between lithium efficacy in bipolar disorder and temperamental dimensions of the TEMPS-A and also genes involved in the regulation of biological rhythms ("clock" genes).
Since stressful life events or increased vulnerability to stress are risk factors for multiple psychiatric disorders, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), bipolar disorder (BD), major depressive disorder (MDD), alcohol use disorder (AUD) and schizophrenia (SCZ), we propose that modulation of the stress response is a common mechanism by which circadian clock genes affect these illnesses.
Since stressful life events or increased vulnerability to stress are risk factors for multiple psychiatric disorders, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), bipolar disorder (BD), major depressive disorder (MDD), alcohol use disorder (AUD) and schizophrenia (SCZ), we propose that modulation of the stress response is a common mechanism by which circadian clock genes affect these illnesses.
The clock gene (CLOCK) is considered to be a good candidate gene for the pathophysiology of mood disorders, including bipolar disorder (BP) and major depressive disorder (MDD). rs1801260 (T3111C) has been detected at position 3111 in the CLOCK mRNA 3' untranslated region, and was reported to be associated with a substantial delay in preferred timing for activity and sleep in a human study.
The current investigation aimed at analyzing the correlation between gut microbiome diversity and the methylation of the clock gene ARNTL in individuals with Bipolar Disorder (BD).
The human Clock gene has been proposed as a possible candidate for disorders affected by alterations of circadian rhythm, including bipolar disorder and schizophrenia.