Immunohistochemical study showed that the PTEN/MMAC1 protein was localized dominantly in the cytoplasm and strongly stained in all 42 surgically resected esophageal squamous cell carcinomas and normal esophageal epithelium.
Likewise, there was a reduction in PTEN levels in human premalignant actinic keratosis and malignant SCCs, supporting a key role for PTEN in human skin cancer formation and progression.
We used immunohistochemistry to evaluate the expression of phosphorylated Akt (pAkt), mTOR, p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K) and phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) in 91 cases of AC and 154 cases of SCC.
Significantly more squamous cell carcinomas compared with adenocarcinomas demonstrated loss of (negative) PTEN staining (26 of 44 [59%] versus 32 of 94 [34%]; p = 0.009).
To explore the spectrum of driver mutations among lung cancer tissues from never smokers, specifically in a population where high lung cancer rates have been attributed to indoor air pollution from domestic coal use, multiplexed assays were used to detect >40 point mutations, insertions, and deletions (EGFR, KRAS, BRAF, HER2, NRAS, PIK3CA, MEK1, AKT1, and PTEN) among the lung tumors of confirmed never smoking females from Xuanwei, China [32 adenocarcinomas (ADCs), 7 squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), 1 adenosquamous carcinoma (ADSC)].
Detailed correlative analyses of individual patient samples revealed a significantly greater proportion of SCC in TMA set 1 with higher PI3Kβ and lower PTEN expression when compared with adenocarcinoma.
Circulating microRNA-21 (MIR-21) and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) are promising novel biomarkers for detection of oral squamous cell carcinoma.
In addition, CCND1 overexpression was significantly related to PTEN promoter hypermethylation in the whole group and in the group of patients with squamous cell carcinoma and lymph node invasion.