In this review, we discuss the structure of the CAR, current clinical advantages from finished and ongoing trials, adverse effects, challenges and controversies, new engineering methods of CAR, and clinical considerations that are associated with CAR T cell therapy both in hematological malignancies and solid tumors.
This strategy may facilitate the application of immunotherapy to solid tumors by affording comparable efficacy with improved safety owing to switch-based control of the CAR-T response.
Although CAR-T cell therapy did not have satisfactory responses in solid tumors, researchers were still holding an optimistic attitude towards its future efficacy with more modifications of its structure.
These works confirmed that simultaneous use of cytokines, for example, rhIL-12, can increase the anti-tumor activity of CAR-T cells, especially for treatments of several types of solid tumors.
The data confirmed the antitumor ability and safety of CAR-T cells targeting EpCAM and may provide a new target for CAR-T cell therapies in treating solid tumors.
Overall, our data document the superiority of local production of PD-L1 mini-body by CAd-VEC<i>PDL1</i> combined with administration of tumor-directed CAR T cells to control the growth of solid tumors.<i></i>.
The presence of sCAR in MPE puts forward the notion that in certain contexts (e.g., within the extracellular matrix of solid tumors) the concentrations of secreted (or shed) CAR may be high enough to effectively compete with Ad gene delivery.
In this landscape, most studies have primarily focused on improving CAR-T cells and overcoming the unfavorable effects of tumor microenvironment on solid tumors.
The anti-VEGFR2 CAR but not mock T cells mediated specific lysis of 293-KDR cells expressing human VEGFR2 and might be considered as a candidate for adoptive T-cell immunotherapy of solid tumors.
CAR-T cell therapy has achieved gratifying breakthrough in hematological malignancies and promising outcome in solid tumor as showed in various clinical trials.
Here we demonstrate an approach to enhancing CAR-T function in solid tumors by directly vaccine-boosting donor cells through their chimeric receptor in vivo.
Clinical trials in patients with advanced B cell malignancies treated with CD19-specific CAR-modified T cells (CAR-T) have shown impressive antitumor efficacy, leading to optimism that this approach will be useful for treating common solid tumors.
These adjuvant-like effects of GSK3 inhibition on activated CAR-T cells may be a valuable adjunct to a successful implementation of CAR-T immunotherapy against GBM and other solid tumors.