High-Throughput Flow Cytometric Method for the Simultaneous Measurement of CAR-T Cell Characterization and Cytotoxicity against Solid Tumor Cell Lines.
Chimeric antigen receptor-modified (CAR-modified) T cells have shown promising therapeutic effects for hematological malignancies, yet limited and inconsistent efficacy against solid tumors.
The anti-VEGFR2 CAR but not mock T cells mediated specific lysis of 293-KDR cells expressing human VEGFR2 and might be considered as a candidate for adoptive T-cell immunotherapy of solid tumors.
CAR-T cell therapy has achieved gratifying breakthrough in hematological malignancies and promising outcome in solid tumor as showed in various clinical trials.
Innovative approaches such as haploidentical stem cell transplantation, new monoclonal antibodies and immunotherapies as well as Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell (CAR-T cell) therapies are on the way as promising treatment options especially for patients with refractory hematologic malignancies and even in solid tumors.
These works confirmed that simultaneous use of cytokines, for example, rhIL-12, can increase the anti-tumor activity of CAR-T cells, especially for treatments of several types of solid tumors.
Specifically, this review covered the following areas: (1) the current status of CAR-T cells in the treatment of solid tumors; (2) the major factors constraining the efficacy of CAR-T cells in solid tumors; and (3) opinions regarding the future of CAR-T as a treatment for solid tumors.
CD56-CAR-T cell therapy is a safe and effective approach and may be an option for children with solid tumors who are nonresponsive to conventional radiotherapy and chemotherapy, or are unsuitable for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Overall, our data document the superiority of local production of PD-L1 mini-body by CAd-VEC<i>PDL1</i> combined with administration of tumor-directed CAR T cells to control the growth of solid tumors.<i></i>.
Clinical trials in patients with advanced B cell malignancies treated with CD19-specific CAR-modified T cells (CAR-T) have shown impressive antitumor efficacy, leading to optimism that this approach will be useful for treating common solid tumors.
TME includes Tumor-Associated Stroma, Immunosuppressive cells and cytokines, tumor hypoxia and metabolism, and Immune Inhibitory Checkpoints which affect the CAR T cell efficacy and activity in solid tumors.
In this landscape, most studies have primarily focused on improving CAR-T cells and overcoming the unfavorable effects of tumor microenvironment on solid tumors.
CAR design optimization for solid tumors is crucial due to the absence of truly restricted antigen expression and potential safety concerns with "on-target off-tumor" activity.