In addition, PPARgamma protein was not detected in all of the eight carcinomas in which COX-2 protein was detected, suggesting that expression of PPARgamma and COX-2 was in a reciprocal relationship.
Active caspase-3, ssDNA, p53, Bax and COX-2 were more frequently observed among high grade and higher stage (> or =T2) carcinomas compared with low grade and lower stage (T1) tumours.
The level of COX-2 mRNA was found to be elevated in carcinomas, relative to histologically normal pancreas from a healthy individual, as assessed by reverse transcription-PCR.
The K-ras codon 12 mutation was associated with higher levels of cyclooxygenase-2 expression compared with carcinomas without this mutation (P = 0.028).
Gastric carcinoma tissues release high level of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) when compared to non-neoplastic mucosa, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in prostaglandin (PG) biosynthesis, is often overexpressed in gastric carcinomas and during gastric carcinogenesis.
The ratio of tumor:paired normal mucosa of mRNA expression of ldlr and of cox-2 was measured in specimens taken during colonoscopy. ldlr and cox-2 transcripts were apparent in 11 of 11 carcinomas.
COX-2 was expressed in DCAMKL1-positive tuft cells in Cdx2- and DCAMKL1-transgenic mouse stomachs, whereas the Sox9 transcription factor was ubiquitously expressed in gastric carcinomas, including COX-2-positive cells.
COX-2 expression was comparable in gastric stump carcinomas and conventional gastric carcinomas and localized primarily to the cytoplasm of the neoplastic cells.
MIR21 expression level in colorectal carcinoma is associated with worse clinical outcome, and this association is stronger in carcinomas expressing high-level PTGS2, suggesting complex roles of immunity and inflammation in tumor progression.
HuR and COX-2 protein expression were studied by immunohistochemistry of normal colon mucosa (N=20), adenomas (N=112), carcinomas (N=9) from patients with FAP, and 141 sporadic colorectal adenocarcinomas (Dukes B and C).
All these results suggest that knockdown of COX-2 expression can lead to potent antitumor activity and chemosensitizing activity to taxanes in human laryngeal carcinomas.
Recent studies have shown overexpression of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX 2) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-lipox) in exocrine pancreatic carcinomas, suggesting a potential role of the arachidonic acid (AA) cascade in the regulation of this cancer type.
By immunohistochemistry, we assessed COX-2 expression in 24 hyperplastic polyps, 7 sessile serrated polyp/adenomas (SSA), 5 mixed polyps with SSA and adenoma, 27 traditional serrated adenomas, 515 non-serrated adenomas (tubular adenoma, tubulovillous adenoma and villous adenoma), 33 adenomas with intramucosal carcinomas, 96 adenocarcinomas with serration (corkscrew gland) and 111 adenocarcinomas without serration.
To evaluate the role of COX-2 in gastric cancer progression, we immunohistochemically investigated COX-2 expression, and examined its relationship to proliferative activity, mucin phenotype, and clinicopathological parameters in human advanced gastric carcinomas.
We evaluated cPLA2 and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein expression in 65 colon carcinomas by immunohistochemistry, and in eight colorectal cancer cell lines by Western Blot.