We conclude that CED is a clinically variable condition and that this clinical variability is not accounted for by polymorphisms at the TGF-beta1 locus.
We recently reported that three different missense mutations (R218H, R218C, and C225R) of beta1-LAP cause the Camurati-Engelmann disease (CED), an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by hyperosteosis and sclerosis of the diaphysis of the long bones.
The results of this study suggest that abnormal bone turnover marker levels, typical radiological findings and mutations in the TGFβ1 gene are three important factors in the diagnosis of sporadic CED cases.
For all 100 cases, molecular evidence for CED was available, as a mutation was detected in TGFB1, the gene encoding transforming growth factor (TGF) beta1.
Camurati-Engelmann disease (OMIM 31300) is a rare cranio-tubular bone dysplasia characterized by osteosclerosis of the long bones and skull caused by dominantly-inherited mutations in the transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFB1) gene.
Osteoclast formation was enhanced approximately 5-fold (P < 0.001) and bone resorption approximately 10-fold (P < 0.001) in CED patients, and the increase in osteoclast formation was inhibited by soluble TGFbeta type II receptor.
Camurati-Engelmann disease (CED; MIM 131300), or progressive diaphyseal dysplasia, is a rare autosomal dominant bone disease, which is caused by mutations in the transforming growth factor‑β1 (TGFβ1) gene on chromosome 19q13.1‑13.3.
Our data indicate that the mutations in the signal peptide and latency-associated peptide facilitate TGF-beta1 signaling, thus causing Camurati-Engelmann disease.
Both individuals were heterozygous for a novel 12-bp duplication (c.27_38dup, p.L10_L13dup) in exon 1 of TGFβ1, predicting four additional leucine residues in the latency-associated-peptide segment of TGFβ1, consistent with CED.
Of our five patients, two had a heterozygous missense mutation in exon 2 of TGFβ1 (c.466C>T, p.Arg156Cys, previously described in Camurati-Engelmann syndrome) and three had commonly found TGFβ1 polymorphisms.
Genetic analysis of the TGFB1 gene revealed a heterozygous missense mutation p.R218C in exon 4 of chromosome 19q13.1-q13.3 in a 14-year-old girl who presented with typical symptoms of CED, hyperprolactinaemia and menstrual irregularity.
We examined TGFB1 SNPs in relation to asthma risk and degree of atopy among 546 case-parent triads, consisting of asthmatics aged 4-17 years and their parents in Mexico City.