These results suggest that the Pro12Ala mutation in PPARgamma is not associated with either diabetes or obesity and may not be an important determinant of obesity or diabetes in Korean subjects.
When taken together with the previously reported association of diabetes with HNF1A in both men and women, the gender-specific association with PPARG A12 confirms that type 2 diabetes is etiologically complex in the Oji-Cree and that at least two genes are involved in determining susceptibility to the disease in these people.
The allele frequencies for a Pro12-->Ala substitution in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma differ among ethnic groups, and its relationship with diabetes and associated diseases is controversial.
This review highlights the roles that PPARgamma play in the regulation of gene expression associated with normal cell physiology as well as the pathophysiology of multiple diseases including obesity, diabetes and cancer.
In subgroup analyses, the +276 genotype was significantly associated with diabetes risk only among subjects with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR gamma) variant 12Ala allele (OR comparing +276 T alleles with the G/G genotype = 1.69, 1.04-2.75, P = 0.035) or among obese subjects (1.46, 1.03-2.08, P = 0.03).
Many of the genes dysregulated in both diabetes and 'prediabetes' are regulated by the transcription factor nuclear respiratory factor-1 and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator 1.
The Gly482Ser variant in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 is not associated with diabetes-related traits in non-diabetic German and Dutch populations.
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma is a crucial molecule in atherogenesis because it is associated with metabolic risk factors such as obesity and diabetes and also plays a key role in subcellular metabolism of arterial wall macrophage foam cells.
In a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover study, 24 subjects with type 2 diabetes and one subject with partial lipodystrophy and diabetes due to dominant-negative mutation in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) gene (P467L) received placebo and rosiglitazone for 3 months.
Yet unidentified variants within the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) 2 promoter may explain the inconsistent reports on associations between variants in the coding region and obesity or diabetes.
The similarity of both time estimates is consistent with selective equivalence of the diabetes protective PPARG Ala12 allele and the diabetes susceptible PPARG Pro12 allele.
Furthermore, women carrying the C allele of rs6902123 of PPARD and the Pro12Pro genotype of the PPAR-gamma2 gene (PPARG2) had a 3.9-fold (95% CI 1.79-8.63; P = 0.001)-higher risk for diabetes than women with protective genotypes.
Our work provides a first step toward elucidating a functional relationship between Zac and PPARgamma that could be relevant to the understanding of tumorigenesis and diabetes as well.
We hypothesize that the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) is associated with colorectal cancer given its association with insulin, diabetes, obesity, and inflammation.
Our present study indicates a unique beneficial aspect of telmisartan: it may work as an anti-inflammatory agent against AGE by suppressing RAGE expression via PPAR-gamma activation in the liver and may play a protective role in vascular injury in diabetes.
There appears to be certain genes which predispose Indians to diabetes while other genes (for example Pro 12 Ala polymorphism of PPAR gamma gene) which afford protection against diabetes and insulin resistance to Caucasians, do not appear to protect Indians.