Results from western blotting and immunohistochemistry indicated that PGE1 remarkably restored autophagy, insulin resistance and the FGF21 expression in rat kidney of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), an endocrine hormone in the FGF family, plays a critical role in regulating metabolic homeostasis and has emerged as a therapeutic target for metabolic diseases, including Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Although these features are predominantly similar to those observed in the studies that showed the beneficial impact of FGF21 on type 2 diabetes and its complications, there are also certain distinct features and findings that may be of provide important and instructive for us to understand mechanistic insights and further promote the prevention and treatment of type 1 diabetes.
In this review, we critically appraise current advances in understanding the physiological actions of FGF21 and its role as a biomarker of various metabolic diseases, especially type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) shows great potential for the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes, as its long-acting analogue reduces body weight and improves lipid profiles of participants in clinical studies; however, the intracellular mechanisms mediating these effects are poorly understood.
Baseline Circulating FGF21 Concentrations and Increase after Fenofibrate Treatment Predict More Rapid Glycemic Progression in Type 2 Diabetes: Results from the FIELD Study.
The effects of insulin during euglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic clamps and 10 week endurance training on serum FGF21 were examined in individuals with type 2 diabetes and in glucose tolerant overweight/obese and lean individuals.
Understanding the impact of T2D on bioactive FGF21 will have a significant effect upon the efficacy of therapeutic agents designed to target the FGF21 pathway.
To assess the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of PF-05231023, a long-acting fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) analogue, in obese people with hypertriglyceridaemia on atorvastatin, with or without type 2 diabetes.
The hepatic response to exercise is dependent on the glucagon/insulin ratio and the exercise-induced increase in hepatokines such as fibroblast growth factor 21 and follistatin is impaired in type 2 diabetes and obesity, but consequences for the benefit from exercise are unknown yet.
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a major metabolic regulator that has been shown to be elevated in a number of metabolic disturbances including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the metabolic syndrome, but few studies about the relationship between serum FGF21 and the complications of diabetes have been done.
We have demonstrated, for the first time, that serum FGF21 level is an independent predictor of incident CHD and might be usefully utilized as a biomarker for identifying type 2 diabetes mellitus subjects with raised CHD risk, for primary prevention.
Serum FGF21 level is strongly associated with early-stage diabetic kidney disease in the high-risk population of patients with T2D (particularly with circulating FGF21 values rising above 181 pg/mL).
The anti-atherosclerotic effects of FGF21 have been investigated in two recent clinical trials, where treatment with an FGF21 analog significantly improved the cardiometabolic profile in obese patients with type 2 diabetes.
This review summarizes what is known about FGF21 in mice and humans with a special focus on this factor's role in glucose and lipid metabolism and in metabolic diseases, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus.