COX-2 expression was upregulated during oesophageal squamous carcinogenesis in HNC patients, that is COX-2 expression increased significantly from normal oesophageal squamous epithelium to low- and high-grade dysplasia and finally to invasive squamous cell cancer (P<0.001).
COX-2 was neo-expressed in 86.6% of the cases and expression progressively increased from ePP to ePSCC (P = 0.0003) and from well to poorly differentiated (P = 0.033).
After stratification by disease stage or histologic subtype, the prognostic significance of high total COX-2 mRNA expression was still apparent in both stage I and stage II-IV and in both squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma (p < or = 0.01 for all).
Expression of the Cox-2 protein was also seen in all 11 squamous cell carcinomas studied, although the level of staining seemed to be less than that in the adenocarcinomas.
Furthermore, human squamous cell carcinoma biopsies exhibited strongly enhanced staining for COX-2 protein via immunohistochemistry and Western analysis when compared to normal non-sun-exposed control skin.
In a combination regimen, Sabutoclax and COX-2 inhibitor, Celecoxib, synergistically inhibited the growth of OSCC in vitro and also significantly reduced OSCC tumor growth in vivo.
In contrast, GPR109A activation in keratinocytes induces flushing by activation of Cox-2-dependent inflammatory signaling, and the receptor expression is upregulated in human epidermoid carcinoma.
Results of the present study indicate that these three functional variants in the COX-2 regulatory region may contribute to risk modification of tobacco-related oral squamous cell carcinoma in Asian Indians.
The goal of our study was a comparative evaluation of apoptosis regulators: p53, Bcl-2, Bax, COX-2, and survivin in lung adenocarcinoma (AC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).
The present study was undertaken to evaluate two such components of the inflammatory milieu, tumor-associated tissue eosinophilia (TATE) as well as Cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) gene expression, quantitatively in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients in relation to treatment outcomes and patterns of recurrence.
There was a strong association between COX-2 overexpression and recurrence of oral squamous cell carcinoma (P < 0.001) and a positive relation between increased MDM2 expression and failure of radiotherapy (P = 0.007).