CREB regulates thousands of genes, yet to date, only a handful that mediate depression or antidepressant response have been identified as relevant CREB targets.
PDE4 cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases regulate 3', 5' cAMP abundance in the CNS and thereby regulate PKA activity and phosphorylation of CREB, which has been implicated in learning and memory, depression and other functions.
Depression and fatigue during chronic IFN-α administration were associated with alterations in the expression (OAS2) and transcriptional control (CREB/ATF) of genes linked to behavioral disorders including CFS and major depression, further supporting an immune contribution to these diseases.
Viral vector-mediated inhibition of one of the CREB-target genes regulated by chr-ECS, Fzd6, produced anxiety and depressive-like effects in behavioral models of depression.
Depression and fatigue during chronic IFN-α administration were associated with alterations in the expression (OAS2) and transcriptional control (CREB/ATF) of genes linked to behavioral disorders including CFS and major depression, further supporting an immune contribution to these diseases.
In the NEWMOOD cohort polymorphisms of the genes of the serotonin transporter, 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B and 5-HT2A and endocannabinoid CB1 receptors, tryptophan hydroxylase, CREB1, BDNF and GIRK provide evidence for the involvement of these genes in the development of depression.
One hundred-ninety MD patients collected in the context of a resistant depression study and treated with antidepressants for at least 4weeks were genotyped for 5 CREB1 SNPs (rs2709376, rs2253206, rs7569963, rs7594560, and rs4675690).
G protein-activated K+ channel 2 (GIRK2) and cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB1) are involved in synaptic plasticity and their genes have been implicated depression and memory processing.
Finally, using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we found that viewing sad faces evoked greater activity in depression-related areas in healthy control subjects possessing the minor alleles of BDNF-rs6265 and CREB1-rs2253206.
Previous studies identified a rare, highly penetrant A(-115)G transition within the human CREB1 promoter that reduced promoter activity in vitro and was associated with depressive disorders in RE-MDD families.
Genetic linkage of region containing the CREB1 gene to depressive disorders in families with recurrent, early-onset, major depression: a re-analysis and confirmation of sex-specific effect.
The major findings were associations of TPH2 (rs12229394) with depression accompanied by fatigue in women and CREB1 (rs11904814) with depression alone in men.
Polymorphisms that span CREB1 were associated with treatment-emergent suicidality among men with depression, extending an observation of association with male anger expression in a prior independent cohort.