Lipopolysaccharide promotes the proliferation and invasion of ESCs via up-regulation of COX-2 and PGE2 expression, suggesting that pelvic inflammation may promote the progression of endometriosis.
Case-control study to investigate the association between endometriosis and four inflammation-related genes: interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, IL-1 beta, and cyclooxygenase-2.
Herein, we report that macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), a potent proinflammatory and growth-promoting factor found at elevated concentrations in the peritoneal fluid of women with endometriosis and active endometriosis lesions, acts directly on ectopic endometrial cells to stimulate the synthesis of COX-2, the inducible form of COX, and the release of PGE(2).
Cyclooxygenase-2 and VEGF were closely correlated with each other, and both of them appear to play a role in the angiogenesis of ovarian endometriosis.
We examined stage-specific expression of aromatase, COX-2, ER, and PR isoform expression in eutopic endometrium, implants, peritoneum, and endometrioma samples from endometriosis patients.
Our findings confirm that angiogenesis occurs following the culture of endometrial tissue in the 3D fibrin matrix, and suggests that Gd and COX-2 might play important roles in promoting neovascularization and cell proliferation in the establishment of endometriosis.
COX-2 over-expression may be a result of the malignant transformation of endometriosis to endometrioid type ovarian cancer or may represent an interaction between the two cellular components.
In patients with severe endometriosis who underwent fertility-sparing complete ablation, COX-2 overexpression characterizes a subgroup of patients with lower risk of relapse and longer relapse-free survival.
The elevation of IL-18 in the peritoneal fluid of endometriosis patients and the induction of COX-II in peritoneal monocytes by IL-18 suggest that IL-18 plays a pathogenic role in endometriosis.
Elevated Cox-2 expression in stromal cells in eutopic endometrium from patients with deep endometriosis may play a role in severe, endometriosis-related dysmenorrhea.
Expressions of COX-2 mRNA in endometrium, ectopic endometriosis tissue, and peritoneum were quantitavely determined by competitive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).