However, NDK has now emerged as a molecule with pleiotropic effects in DNA repair, protein phosphorylation, gene expression, tumor metastasis, development, and pathogen virulence and persistence inside the host.
Herein, we describe a new phagocytic function for the nucleoside diphosphate kinase 1 (NDK-1), the nematode counterpart of the first identified metastasis inhibitor NM23-H1 (nonmetastatic clone number 23) nonmetastatic clone number 23 or nonmetastatic isoform 1 (NME1).
The relationship of NM23 (NME) metastasis suppressor histidine phosphorylation to its nucleoside diphosphate kinase, histidine protein kinase and motility suppression activities.
Among the spots, we selected nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK) for further investigation, as it has been shown to regulate cancer cell apoptosis and metastasis.
<i>NME1</i> (nonmetastatic expressed 1) gene, which encodes nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK) A [also known as nonmetastatic clone 23 (NM23)-H1 in humans and NM23-M1 in mice], is a suppressor of metastasis, but several lines of evidence-mostly from plants-also implicate it in the regulation of the oxidative stress response.
Although the histidine kinase has been implicated in suppression of motility in breast carcinoma cell lines, potential relevance of the NDPK and 3'-5' exonuclease to metastasis suppressor function has not been addressed in detail.
In addition to their role in nucleotide homeostasis, members of the Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinase (NDPK) family have been implicated in tumor metastasis, cell migration and vesicle trafficking.
Nm23-H1 and nm23-H2 are putative metastasis suppressor genes that encode nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK) A and B. NDPKs form oligomers distributed between soluble and particulate fractions of cells and therefore may exert their effects as either soluble or bound proteins.