The results suggest that lower birth weight and maternal smoking during pregnancy may interact with DRD5 and DAT1 (birth weight only) in influencing associated antisocial behavior symptoms (ODD and conduct disorder).
A pilot population-based study of a microsatellite polymorphism at the DRD5 locus in adult European-Americans showed its association with childhood symptom counts for oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) in males and females and adult antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) in females.