<i>α</i>-Synuclein (<i>α</i>-syn) and its heteroaggregates with A<i>β</i> and tau have been recently included among the neuropathological elements of NDs.
Ceftriaxone (CEF), a <i>β</i>-lactam antibiotic, has been suggested as a therapeutic agent in several neurodegenerative disorders for its abilities to counteract glutamate-mediated toxicity and to block <i>α</i>-synuclein polymerization.
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder and is characterized by the presence of pathological intracellular aggregates primarily composed of misfolded <i>α</i>-synuclein.
Interest in -synuclein has increased markedly following the discovery of a relationship between its dysfunction and several neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease.
The synucleins (alpha-, beta- and gamma-synuclein) are a small, soluble, highly conserved group of neuronal proteins that attracted considerable attention due to their involvement in both neurodegenerative diseases and cancer.
Intriguingly we found that gamma-synuclein, a family member of proteins involved the pathogenesis of other neurodegenerative disorders, was elevated in the one Gaucher type 2 patient brain we examined.
Synucleins are emerging as central players in the formation of pathologically insoluble deposits characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases. gamma synuclein (SNCG), previously identified as a breast cancer-specific gene (BCSG1), is also highly associated with breast or ovarian cancer progression.
Our study shows that RBD is frequent in Park2, suggesting that mechanisms other than synuclein deposition can cause RBD in neurodegenerative disorders.
Many familial genetic mutations have been found, encoding proteins such as synuclein, parkin, tau, and others, creating genetic ways to define neurodegenerative diseases.
Meanwhile, several neurodegenerative diseases have been shown to accumulate a-synuclein in neuronal and glial cells summarizing this group of diseases as synucleinopathies.
This study suggests that a critical balance among products of the synuclein gene is important to maintain normal brain function and that alterations in this balance might be associated with neurodegenerative disorders.
Aoffa-Synuclein, a presynaptic nerve terminal protein, may be an important component of Lewy bodies in Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, and other neurodegenerative diseases.