The study also demonstrated downregulation of AhR, CYP1B1 and Keap1 expressions with subsequent augmentation of protective Nrf2, HO-1, NQO1 and GSTA1 expressions thus, revealing the chemotherapeutic potency of BNUA-3 in inhibiting liver carcinogenesis through AhR/CYP1B1/Nrf2/Keap1 pathway.
Taken collectively, we show AhR to be a master regulator of c-raf and propose cross-talk between AhR and the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway in chemically induced hepatocarcinogenesis.