We can conclude that high eosinophilic infiltration and high IL-5 expression in CRSwNP correlate with higher rate of long term recurrence, while neutrophilic and lymphocytic infiltration, and IL-8 expression don't correlate with it.
Baseline protein levels of the Th2-cytokines IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13, and mucins MUC5AC and MUC5B were significantly higher in the IL-5(+) CRSwNP group, compared to control and IL-5(-) CRSwNP groups.
The CRSwNP was classified into 4 clusters: cluster 1 (higher expression of IL-5, IgE, and ECP and high positivity rate for SE-IgE); cluster 2 (higher concentrations of IL-6, IL-8 and MPO); cluster 3 (higher concentrations of TNF-alpha; and IFN-gamma); and cluster 4 (higher expression of IL-17).
Additionally, some promising eosinophil-relevant biomarkers, such as eosinophilic cation protein and interleukin 5 (IL-5), may be clinically applied as diagnostic or predictive tools for CRSwNP in the future.
The concentrations of BAFF, IgE and IL-5 in tissue homogenates were also significantly increased in polyp tissues compared with control groups, and the BAFF protein level in the polyp homogenates was significantly associated with the IgE and IL-5 levels and with concomitant asthma in CRSwNP patients.
Additionally, a significant association was found between PD-1 mRNA and expression of IL-5 mRNA in control nasal tissue (r = 0.95, P < 0.0001) and in CRSwNP (r = 0.63, P = 0.002).
The purpose of this study was to examine if the oversecretion of interleukin 5 (IL-5) and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) in CRSwNP could be explained through P-gp-mediated secretory pathways.
This study shows for the first time that IL-9 is involved in EO homeostasis in CRSwNP and could explain the low benefit of anti-IL-5 therapy for some patients with asthma and nasal polyposis.
The objective of this study is to investigate whether HMGB1 is augmented in the Chinese eosinophilic CRSwNP and if non-eosinophilic CRSwNP is associated with interleukin 5 (IL-5), IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α).
Results indicate (1) stimulation of HNEC with SEB resulted in increased IL-5 and GM-CSF expression, which could be suppressed by dexamethasone (p < 0.05), and SEB at concentrations of 1-100 ng/mL effectively promoted IL-5 and GM-CSF release by HNEC (p < 0.05); (2) patients with CRSwNP showed a significantly increased expression of IL-5 and GM-CSF in HNEC than patients without CRSwNP (p < 0.05); and (3) the expression of IL-5 and GM-CSF was significantly up-regulated under the stimulus of SEB compared with IL-1beta (p < 0.05).