The ACE and AGT gene polymorphisms are not associated with the progress of diabetes developing into retinopathy in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes.
The angiotensin I-converting enzyme gene insertion/deletion (ACE I/D) polymorphism may predispose to insulin resistance and modulate the expression of several common cardiovascular and renal disorders, especially in people with diabetes.
Because ACE insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism has been shown to be associated with diabetes, hypertension, coronary artery diseases, and diabetic nephropathy, and because plasma ACE concentration has been found to be associated with plasma triglyceride and total cholesterol levels in patients with type 2 diabetes, the goal of this study was to investigate whether ACE gene I/D polymorphism is associated with metabolic syndrome in Chinese subjects with type 2 diabetes.
We identified indications for medication (statins, aspirin, ACE inhibitors, clopidogrel) recommended in UK National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) guidance for CHD (high risk, stable angina, stable angina plus diabetes, unstable angina, and myocardial infarction) and measured the persistence of indicated medication (time from initiation to discontinuation) across quintiles of the Welsh Index of Multiple Deprivation, an area-based measure of socio-economic inequality, using Cox regression frailty models.
Multiple regression analysis with CCC development as the dependent variable revealed that the presence of total occlusion of the left circumflex artery (95% CI, 1.29-6.6; P = 0.001), ACE DD genotype (95% CI, 2.55-12.79; P = 0.001), presence of diabetes (95% CI, 1.03-3.16; P = 0.005), and pulse pressure (95% CI, 1.04-1.56; P = 0.045) were independent determinants of poor coronary collateral development.
We conclude that the ACE insertion/deletion variant does not show any significant association with the pathogenesis, fibrosis and progression of tropical calcific pancreatitis and the fibro-calculous pancreatic diabetes.
Accordingly, nutritional composition, the content of phytochemical antioxidants, and the inhibitory ability of key enzymes with impacts on obesity and diabetes (α-glucosidase and pancreatic lipase) or on arterial pressure (angiotensin-I converting enzyme), were evaluated.
Neither gender, age, smoking status, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, VLDL-cholesterol, or diabetes was associated with ACE or AGT polymorphism in univariate analysis.
To explore the role of genetic variants of angiotensinogen (AGT M235T), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE I/D), and angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1R A1166C) as predictors of diabetes risk and to examine their combined effects on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients.
We found that PON1 Arg 192 and ACE D alleles act synergistically to increase the risk of CAD in CAD patients and CAD subjects without diabetes from west of Iran, who have high frequency of three-vessel disease.
A Cox analysis revealed that the endpoints were significantly associated with diabetes mellitus (RR=4.423), total cholesterol level (RR=1.025) and the genotype of the ACE gene (RR=4.490).
We studied the relationship between an insertion(I)/deletion (D) polymorphism in the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) patients with diabetic nephropathy (121 men and 77 women, age 40.9 +/- 10 years, diabetes duration 27 +/- 8 years) and in IDDM patients with normoalbuminuria (118 men and 74 women, age 42.7 +/- 10 years, diabetes duration 26 +/- 8 years).
We genotyped the ACE I/D polymorphisms by direct allele-specific PCR in 183 healthy controls and 400 CVD patients with diabetes (n=204) and without (n=196).
The previously described relationship between heart disease and the ACE-gene polymorphism in diabetes could thus be founded in an increased extent of atherosclerosis among patients with the ID- and DD-ACE-gene subtypes.
In a stratified analysis, however, the ACE DD genotype was found to significantly accelerate the risk of developing CHD by hypercholesterolemia (hazard ratio [HR]=4.50, 95% confidence interval=2.02-10.04 for hypercholesterolemia with the DD genotype; HR=1.48, 95% CI=1.04-2.12 for hypercholesterolemia with the ID＋II genotype; P for interaction=0.01), even after adjusting for other confounding factors, whereas no such associations were observed for hypertension, diabetes or smoking.
Other covariates in the model that were independently associated with CINA included advanced age, diabetes mellitus (DM), use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB), history of dementia and living in a residential care facility.