(2) The c-erb B-2/neu protein was detected in both androgen-receptor-positive (LNCaP) and -negative (PC-3 and DU-145) human prostate cancer cell lines.
We analyzed the androgen-receptor genes from samples of metastatic androgen-independent prostate cancers to determine whether mutations in the gene have a role in androgen independence.
We have identified a similar molecular mechanism in vivo for endocrine treatment failure in human prostate cancer which involves amplification of the androgen receptor (AR) gene.
Evidence coming from studies on AR in prostatic cancer highlights the possibility that AR structural alterations may have significance in tumor progression.
It is possible that analogous to an activated/altered growth factor receptor oncogene, codon 877 mutant AR with altered ligand binding may provide a selective growth advantage in the genesis of a subset of advanced prostate cancer.
Androgen-induced inhibition of cell proliferation in an androgen-insensitive prostate cancer cell line (PC-3) transfected with a human androgen receptor complementary DNA.
To further investigate structural abnormality of the AR in a large number of human prostate cancers, exons B-H encoding DNA-and hormone-binding domains were examined by single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis of polymerase chain reaction products and direct sequencing.
Here we shown that androgen promoted up-regulation of AR mRNA in two androgen-independent human prostate cancer cell lines, PC3 and DU145, when each was transfected with a human AR cDNA.
Some AR mutations in prostate cancer show broadened ligand specificity, such that the transcription-factor activity of the AR can be stimulated not just by dihydrotestosterone (DHT) but also by estradiol and other androgen metabolites that have a low affinity for the AR.
Fifty-seven non-Hispanic white case patients with prostate cancer and 169 non-Hispanic white control subjects were genotyped for a previously described microsatellite (CAG repeats) in the AR gene and for a newly discovered poly-A microsatellite in the 3'-untranslated region (3'UTR) of the VDR gene.