All 3 cases of vulvar carcinoma showing homozygous deletions of p16INK4 and p15INK4B were at advanced clinical stage (stage III-IV), while all 7 cases of cervical carcinoma and 2 cases of ovarian carcinoma showing homozygous deletion of p16INK4 were at early stage (stage I-II).
Deletions or point mutations in the p15INK4B or p16INK4A gene may not be required for the development of HPV-positive cervical cancer or for establishment of cervical cancer cell lines.
Carcinogenesis of cervical cancer has been investigated, and p16(INK4a) overexpression in squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix has been reported as a result of infection by human papillomavirus (HPV) (eg, HPV 16), and the consequence of the retinoblastoma (Rb) protein inactivation by HPV E7 protein.
Predictive significance of the alterations of p16INK4A, p14ARF, p53, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression in the progression of cervical cancer.
The expression of p16(INK4A) protein was immunohistochemically studied in these cases and in five HPV-positive and one HPV-negative cervical cancer cell lines.
Women seen at Pérola Byington Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil, with histologically confirmed cervicitis (n = 31), cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 1 (n = 30), CIN 2,3 (n = 30), and cervical cancer (n = 7) had also cervical material collected for liquid-based cytology, human papillomavirus Hybrid Capture 2 (HC2) test, and p16 and FHIT immunohistochemical reactions.
The p16ink4a overexpression is an indicator of an aberrant expression of viral oncogenes and may serve as a marker for early diagnostic of cervical cancer.
We confirmed the usefulness of P16 immunocytochemistry combined with ISH and HPV genotyping as ancillary molecular-biological tests of LBC specimens for identifying patients at high risk of cervical cancer.
To investigate the expression of p16(INK4a) in cervical carcinoma and its relation to the transition of carcinoma in situ to invasive carcinoma, and its role in recurrence of cervical lesions as well, a series of 90 patients with cervical carcinoma (49 with in situ lesion and 41 with invasive lesion) were selected from July 2001 and September 2002.
Immunohistochemical p16ink4a expression is associated with HPV infection in HSIL and cervical cancer, suggesting a role of p16 as a biomarker of HPV-associated cervical lesions.
To investigate the HPV-independent pathway of carcinogenesis in cases of gastric-type AC, we investigated the common high-risk HPV (hr-HPV) status in 52 nonsquamous cell carcinomas, using a PCR-based typing method and immunohistochemistry of p16INK4a (a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor that is overexpressed in both cancerous and precancerous cervical tissue, making it an ideal biomarker for cervical cancer cases).
The knowledge about human papillomavirus as a causative agent of cervical cancer has accumulated over the last decades has opened the possibility to improve the existing prevention strategies and screening practices. p16 has amply been applied on cytologic samples and has been shown to be a promising marker especially in identification of high-grade dysplasia.