This study was aimed to explore the clinical and biomarker association of programmed death ligand 1 and its spatial heterogeneous expression in colorectal cancer.
Follicular helper T cells promote the effector functions of CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells via the provision of IL-21, which is downregulated due to PD-1/PD-L1-mediated suppression in colorectal cancer.
Differences in histological features and PD-L1 expression between sporadic microsatellite instability and Lynch-syndrome-associated disease in Japanese patients with colorectal cancer.
To rationalize these issues, this report introduces a plug-and-play nanorization, ultrasonic bubble bursting, of coarse BP flakes for continuous BP NS production, and the resulting uniform NSs (∼40 nm lateral dimension, ∼0.15 polydispersity index) were used as base materials to load drug (doxorubicin), targeting agent (chitosan-polyethylene glycol), and cancer growth inhibitor (programmed death ligand 1 and small interfering RNA) for achieving efficacious chemo-photoimmunotherapy of colorectal cancer.
Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) has emerged as a potential target for therapeutics in a number of malignant tumors, including melanoma, lung, and colorectal cancer.
Is There a Role for Programmed Death Ligand-1 Testing and Immunotherapy in Colorectal Cancer With Microsatellite Instability? Part II-The Challenge of Programmed Death Ligand-1 Testing and Its Role in Microsatellite Instability-High Colorectal Cancer.
Overall, our study showed that PD-L1 expression status in tumor and immune cells is an independent prognostic factor in patients with colorectal cancer.
Lung cancer was associated with good overall survival and disease-free survival (HR 0.639; 95% CI 0.491, 0.831; and HR 0.693; 95% CI 0.538, 0.891, respectively) for PD-1-positive tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, and colorectal cancer showed favorable disease-free survival (HR 0.471; 95% CI 0.308, 0.722) for PD-L1-positive tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes.
Therefore, the creation of DC vaccines in conjunction with anti-PD-L1 may be an effective future treatment strategy for patients with colorectal cancer.
Prognostic implication of CD274 (PD-L1) protein expression in tumor-infiltrating immune cells for microsatellite unstable and stable colorectal cancer.
Tumour CD274 expression level correlated inversely with FOXP3<sup>+</sup> cell density in colorectal cancer tissue (outcome) (p<sub>trend</sub>=0.0002).
However, PD-L1 IHC expression was significantly correlated with worse overall survival rates in patients with esophageal cancer and renal cell carcinoma and with worse disease-free survival rates in patients with colorectal cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, and renal cell carcinoma.
Immunohistochemical expression of PD-L1 in carcinoma cells, stromal macrophages and lymphocytes of 40 HNPCC-patients with colorectal cancer was scored semi-quantitatively.
In this review article, we aim to discuss the efficacy and safety of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapies in GI cancers, including gastric, esophageal and colorectal cancer in published or reported recent studies.