RET isoforms were expressed at different levels in MTC, PHEO, PTC, and normal thyroid tissues: RET9 expression was higher in PHEO than in MTC, PTC, and normal thyroid tissues.
Patients who died because of MTC had a median age of 61 years (range 21-84) and were at stages III-IV in all cases; deaths occurred in 18% of sporadic MTC, 6% of MEN2a and 66.7% of MEN2b patients.
We also examined the sensitivity of RET (M918T), a RET mutation prevalent in aggressive multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B, to these TKIs in the context of BaF3/KR cells.
For example, the detection of a mutated <i>RET</i> allele in family members at risk for inheriting MEN2A or MEN2B signaled that they would develop MTC, and possibly other components of the syndromes.
MEN2B is a very rare autosomal dominant hereditary tumor syndrome associated with medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) in 100% cases, pheochromocytoma in 50% cases and multiple extra-endocrine features, many of which can be quite disabling.
The remaining 15 RET mutation carriers did not exhibit CLA; of these, 1 presented with MTC and pheochromocytoma, 9 with MTC only, 2 with elevated serum calcitonin, and 3 younger subjects with normal serum calcitonin levels.
Of the 92 cases included 64% had presented as an incidentaloma, 32% as a suspected pheochromocytoma and 4% had been screened because of previously diagnosed MEN2A.
The remaining 15 RET mutation carriers did not exhibit CLA; of these, one presented with MTC and pheochromocytoma, nine with MTC only, two with elevated serum calcitonin and three younger subjects with normal serum calcitonin levels.
Familial screening for rearranged during transfection mutation and lifelong monitoring for associated pheochromocytoma should be emphasized in hereditary medullary thyroid carcinoma.
This family of 11 individuals with familial MTC type of MEN 2A syndrome demonstrated the moderate risk RETp.Val804Met (protein valine at residue 804 replaced by methionine) genetic mutation, with 2 of the relatives presenting with dermal hyperneury, cutaneous lesions classically described in MEN 2B syndrome, and 1 relative also showing multiple sclerotic fibromas, a cutaneous manifestation of PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue) hamartoma-tumor syndrome.
Generation of an induced pluripotent stem cell line from a patient with hereditary multiple endocrine neoplasia 2B (MEN2B) syndrome with "highest risk" RET mutation.
The findings propose a classification of 15 of the 26 VUS in RET without any well-defined risk profiles and suggest that the G691S SNP, or a combination of SNPs, may be associated with the development of PHEO.
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A (MEN2A) is a condition with inherited autosomal dominant mutations in RET (rearranged during transfection) gene that predisposes the carrier to extremely high risk of medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) and other MEN2A-associated tumors such as parathyroid cancer and/or pheochromocytoma.
Phaeochromocytoma was diagnosed in 85/309 patients with RET mutations in the following exons (phaeos/all carriers, %): exon 11 (56/120, 46.6%); exon 16 (7/17, 41.2%), exon 10 (14/47, 29.8%), and exon 13-15 (2/116, 1.7%).