Multivariate analysis based on utilising patient similarity networks revealed the existence of four patient's subsets (clusters) based on different TLR8 and IL1RN expression profiles, two in active and two in inactive RA.
The proinflammatory IL-12 as well as anti-inflammatory IL-10 and IL-1RA were significantly (p<0.05) upregulated in the plasma of RA patients compared to normal controls.
Here, we investigated the histological and transcriptional signature of ST obtained from RA in different disease phases (disease onset, failure to first-line conventional DMARDs and in sustained clinical and ultrasound remission) finding that overweight/obese DMARDs naive RA showed higher likelihood of follicular synovitis, higher IHC scores for sublining inflammatory cells (CD68<sup>+</sup>, CD21<sup>+</sup> and CD20<sup>+</sup>) and higher IL-1RA plasma levels than normal weight RA.
Through the production of IL-1Ra, MSCs reduced migration of DCs to the draining lymph nodes and attenuated generation of inflammatory Th1 and Th17 cells that resulted in alleviation of fulminant hepatitis and rheumatoid arthritis.
By contrast, reactivity of ATs to IL-1β was significantly lower in OA than RA and IL-1β antagonist (IL-1Ra) could be responsible for this because we found its overproduction in OA ATs.
Although interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (Anakinra; Amgen Corp.) is approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and neonatal-onset multisystem inflammatory disease, little is known about the local use this drug in cutaneous wound healing.
The IL-1Ra has been widely and successfully used in patients with Rheumatoid arthritis, autoinflammatory diseases and various other diseases that have an inflammatory component.
We compared effects on inflammation biomarkers of this genetic score with those of anakinra, the recombinant form of IL-1Ra, which has previously been studied in randomised trials of rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory disorders.
Our results indicated that IL-1RN VNTR, IL-1β (-511C>T) and IL-10 (-1082 G>A) are associated with susceptibility to RA, and that IL-1RN VNTR, IL-1β (-511C>T) and TNFα (-308 G>A) are associated with severity of RA.
The fusion protein described here, able to selectively deliver IL-1ra to inflamed tissue, could yield important contributions for the therapy of rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory diseases.