A total of 52 patients with OSA requiring CPAP > 15 cm H<sub>2</sub> O (71% male, age: 58 (15) years, BMI: 42.6 (10.1) kg/m<sup>2</sup> , apnoea-hypopnoea index (AHI): 51.1 (30.4)/h) were studied; 62% had respiratory co-morbidities affecting nocturnal breathing including obesity hypoventilation syndrome and COPD; 25% had neuromuscular conditions; and 17% had cardiovascular disease.
At the same time, increasing recognition of the considerable cardiovascular disease burden and its suboptimal treatment in patients with COPD has also contributed to continued enthusiasm for statin use in COPD.
Pooled prevalence for the most significant NCDs was a follows; cancer 8% (95% CI 6-10%), cardiovascular disease 38% (95% CI 33-42%), hypertension 39% (95% CI 32-47%), diabetes 14% (95% CI 12-16%), COPD prevalence estimates ranged from 4% to 18%.Heterogeneity across studies was high.
A substantial prevalence of cardiovascular disease is known for COPD, but detection of its presence, relationship to functional findings and contribution to symptoms remains challenging.
Current smoking (RR 0.89, 95% CI 0.75-1.06; <i>P</i>=0.178), American Society of Anesthesiologists grade >2 (RR 2.63, 95% CI 0.84-8.27; <i>P</i>=0.098), increased age (WMD 1.43 years, 95% CI -1.15 to 4.02; <i>P</i>=0.278), COPD (RR 1.21, 95% CI 0.68-2.17; <i>P</i>=0.521), cardiovascular disease (RR 1.63, 95% CI 0.40-6.70; <i>P</i>=0.495), rheumatoid arthritis (RR 1.76, 95% CI 0.53-5.90; <i>P</i>=0.359), and osteoporosis (RR 1.91, 95% CI 0.79-4.63; <i>P</i>=0.152) were not risk factors for postoperative SSI.
Associations between COPD and individual CVDs were heterogeneous, with the highest relative risks observed for heart failure and diseases of the arterial circulation (in excess of 2.5 for those aged 64-75 years).
The association between baseline NT-proBNP and incident COPD exacerbations within one year of follow-up was tested using zero-inflated Poisson regression models adjusted for age, gender, race, body mass index, current smoking status, smoking history, FEV<sub>1</sub> percent predicted, COPD Assessment Test score, exacerbation history, total lung capacity on chest CT and cardiovascular disease (any of coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction or congestive heart failure).
Increased mortality among adult asthmatics was largely explained by the development of COPD, malignant respiratory tract neoplasms, and cardiovascular diseases.
When the HIV-positive group was stratified based on the duration of HIV infection, most of the co-morbidities were significantly more frequent than in control patients, except for hypertension and cardiovascular disease, while COPD was more prevalent in the control group.
With increasing use of nongated CT scans in clinical practice, this study hypothesized that the visual Weston CAC score would perform as well as the Agatston score in predicting prevalent and incident coronary artery disease (CAD) and CVD in COPD.
All all-cause, COPD and cardiovascular disease mortality was analyzed among men and women in relation to AL<sub>GOLD</sub> and AL<sub>LLN</sub>, adjusted for age and smoking.
We performed a secondary cohort analysis of the SUMMIT (Study to Understand Mortality and Morbidity) trial, a convenience sample of current/former smokers with moderate COPD from 1,368 centers in 43 countries.All had CVD or increased CVD risk.
Our paper aims to summarize existing data regarding subclinical CVD in patients with COPD with a view to identifying screening strategies in these patients.
Selective beta-blockers can be cautiously prescribed for patients with COPD and cardiovascular disease (CVD), however, nonselective beta-blockers should not be prescribed for patients with COPD.
We identified 50 eligible studies.We found that waterpipe tobacco smoking was significantly associated with: respiratory diseases [COPD; odds ratio (OR) = 3.18, 95% confidence interval CI = 1.25, 8.08; bronchitis OR = 2.37, 95% CI = 1.49, 3.77; passive waterpipe smoking and wheeze OR) = 1.97, 95% CI = 1.28, 3.04]; oral cancer OR = 4.17, 95% CI = 2.53, 6.89; lung cancer OR = 2.12, 95% CI = 1.32, 3.42; low birthweight (OR = 2.39, 95% CI = 1.32, 4.32); metabolic syndrome (OR 1.63-1.95, 95% CI = 1.25, 2.45); cardiovascular disease (OR = 1.67, 95% CI = 1.25, 2.24); and mental health (OR 1.30-2.4, 95% CI = 1.20, 2.80).