IL-1β expression was increased, caspase 3 activity was enhanced, Bcl-2 level was declined, and p-P38 phosphorylation was elevated in brain tissue and peripheral blood from VD model group compared to sham group (p<0.05).
Furthermore, PF decreased the release of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α as well as inhibited the mRNA expression of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in the hippocampus of VD rats (P<0.05 or P<0.01).
In this study, the frequency of polymorphisms in the genes coding for interleukin (IL)-1alpha, IL-1beta and the IL-1 receptor antagonist (RN) and their genotype associations with late-onset AD and VaD were determined in a Japanese-American cohort of men (n=931) participating in the Honolulu-Asia Aging Study (HAAS).