The present study evaluated whether the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor sitagliptin attenuates glomerular lesions and oxidative stress evoked by chronic hyperglycemia, by a mechanism independent of insulin secretion and glycemia normalization.
Given that altered expression and activity of DPP-4 are associated with increasing body mass index and hyperglycaemia, DPP-4 has been proposed to play a role in linking obesity and the pathogenesis of T2DM by functioning as a local mediator of inflammation and insulin resistance in adipose and hepatic tissue.
Therapy with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, alone or in combination with basal insulin, may effectively control glucose levels in patients with mild to moderate hyperglycemia.
We look at recent advances in understanding aerobic glycolysis and possibly the action of DPP4 on incretins resulting in insulin dysregulation and suggest key metabolic pathways involved in hyperglycemia regulation.
Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors have been shown to have neuroprotective effects in diabetic patients suffering from stroke, but less research has focused on patients with mild hyperglycemia below the threshold for a diagnosis of diabetes.
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors could effectively reduce HbA<sub>1C</sub> and postprandial hyperglycemia and could incur only minimal danger of hypoglycemia.
<b>Background:</b> Increase in circulating dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) activity and levels has been reported to associate both with hyperglycemia and obesity.
More importantly, results from the reviewed studies indicate that DPP-4 inhibitor therapy may improve two major risk factors for diabetic nephropathy, such as hyperglycemia and albuminuria, resulting in potential renal benefits beyond glycemic control.
The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4 inhibitors) are effective modulators of fasting and postprandial hyperglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
These data indicate that DPP-4 is modulated in a tissue specific manner and is dependent on physiological conditions such as hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance, suggesting a significant role in disorders such as diabetes.
Sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitor (DPP-4), sustains activity of the incretin hormones GLP-1 and GIP and improves hyperglycemia in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
Attention is now turning towards exploring the potential utility of DPP-4 inhibitors in other circumstances, including for in-hospital management of hyperglycaemia and in other metabolic disorders.
The observation that the insulinotropic actions of GLP-1 are reduced in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) led to the development of incretin-based therapies - GLP-1 receptor agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors - for the treatment of hyperglycaemia in these patients.
Nowadays, the novel Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors unique approach for the management of diabetes has been considered to be safe, as DPP-IV inhibitors reduce blood glucose level by monitoring hyperglycemia including positive effects on body weight as it remains neutral, improves glycated hemoglobin levels and do not induce hypoglycemia.
Combining a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor and a sodium-glucose cotransporter type 2 inhibitor is an attractive option to treat hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes.
The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor teneligliptin functions as antioxidant on human endothelial cells exposed to chronic hyperglycemia and metabolic high-glucose memory.