This thrombin-linked sandwich immunoassay allowed detection of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) at 2 pM, an important protein related cancer disease, with high sensitivity and specificity.
A 63-year-old man with elevated prostate-specific antigen serum levels and enlarged prostate gland underwent ultrasound-guided transrectal biopsy, which did not reveal any evidence of malignancy.
Prostate specific antigen greater than 5.8 ng/ml or prostate specific antigen density greater than 0.17 ng/ml<sup>2</sup> was universally associated with biopsy proven cancer.
The control group consisted of 28 men under long-term follow-up (mean of 8.7 ± 3.0 years) for benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH), with persistently elevated PSA (above 4 ng/mL) and several prostate biopsies negative forcancer (mean of 2.7 ± 1.3 biopsies per control).
This increase was due to a decreased cancer extent indicated by lower PSA levels with ensuing longer lead times and speculatively also due to an increased use of chemotherapy in the latest time period.
The AUC-ROCs distinguishing nonprostate cancer vs prostate cancer, nonprostate cancer plus low Gleason Grade Group and low volume vs remaining prostate cancer with a higher Gleason Grade group or a higher volume on the PHI (Prostate Health Index) were significantly superior to the AUC-ROCs of prostate specific antigen and free-to-total prostate specific antigen.
In men with benign prostate biopsy, accounting for the presence of histologic prostatitis and anti-inflammatory drug use, particularly in AA men, may help distinguish between men with rising PSA because of prostatitis vs undiagnosed cancer.
Data on sociodemographic characteristics, lifetime use and usual frequency of prostate cancer screening (prostate-specific antigen test or digital rectal examination) and perception of potential benefits and adverse effects of cancer screening were assessed using face-to-face interviews, by structured questionnaire.
The first such model was used to delineate the first active surveillance (AS) criteria, known as the 'Epstein' criteria, in which patients with a cancer Gleason score of 3 + 3 = 6 (GrG1) involving fewer than two cores, and <50% of any given core, and a prostate-specific antigen density of <0.15 ng/ml per cm<sup>3</sup> had a minimal risk of significant cancer at RP.
In adjusted analyses, those reporting recent cancer screening or no recollection that screening may not be necessary were more likely to want future mammography or PSA screening (p < 0.001).
In a microtiter plate immunoassay, individual sandwich immune complexes of the cancer marker prostate-specific antigen (PSA) are detected and counted by wide-field epiluminescence microscopy (digital readout).
There was no significant difference of clinicopathologic features including age, prostate-specific antigen and cancer detection rate in both groups (P > .05).
<b>Objectives:</b> To define if less number of cores would be sufficient to diagnose prostate cancer (PCa) in men with PSA levels >20 ng/ml and to reveal the cancer detection rates in this population.
Clarification of PSA thresholds for early detection vs cancer surveillance, as well as emphasizing adherence for younger and Black men, appears warranted.
Patient-related factors such as concern about cancer are believed to influence both men's decisions to undergo prostate specific antigen (PSA) testing and to have definitive treatment if diagnosed with low risk prostate cancer (PCa).
Serum concentrations of thrombospondin 1 (THBS1) and cathepsin D (CTSD) glycoproteins were combined with the percentage of free PSA to total PSA ratio (%fPSA) to predict any or significant cancer at biopsy.
After adjusting for PSA, prostate size, and ratio of biopsy cores with cancer, PCA3 but not T2:ERG was associated with short-term reclassification at the first surveillance biopsy (OR = 1.3; 95% CI 1.0-1.7, p = 0.02).
The AUC of ETzD to predict an unfavorable cancer among prostate cancer patients was 0.736 (95% CI; 0.705~0.768), which performs better than PSA and comparable to PSAD or TzPSAD.
IsoPSA™ is a blood based, structure focused assay which predicts risk by partitioning the isoforms of prostate specific antigen that are linked to cancer in an aqueous 2-phase reagent system.
In this explorative study, we describe miRNA-based models, which included miRNA expression values together with PSA levels, that increased the classification function of the PSA screening test with diagnostic and/or prognostic potential: [PSA + miR-142-3p + miR-142-5p + miR-223-3p] model (AUC:0,821) to discriminate PCa from BPH (Sn:91,7% Sp:42,9% vs Sn:100% Sp:14,3%); and [PSA + miR-342-3p + miR-374b-5p] model (AUC: 0,891) to discriminate between GS ≥ 7 tumours and men presenting PSA ≥ 4 ng/ml with no cancer or GS6 tumours (Sn:81,8% Sp:95% vs Sn:54,5% Sp:90%).
Novel serum-based models like 4Kscore<sup>®</sup> and prostate health index (PHI) are generally better than PSA alone in detecting clinically significant cancer.