In febrile acute de-compensated cirrhotic patients, TLR4+896A/G and CD14-159C/T polymorphisms-related non-classical and classical monocytes dysfunction resulted in increased severe sepsis risk.
Two common SNPs of the TLR2 and TLR4 genes--Arg753Gln and Asp299Gly--were associated with a shorter time-to-onset of severe sepsis or septic shock in patients admitted to the ICU.
Subtype 1 was characterized by increased expression of genes involved in inflammatory and Toll receptor mediated signaling pathways, as well as a higher prevalence of severe sepsis.
In this paper, we show that plasma from patients with severe sepsis and septic shock but not normal plasma supports lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activation of epithelial cells expressing Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4).