Consistent with the <i>in vitro</i> results, HT-LM1004 increased TNF-<i>α</i>, IFN-<i>γ</i>, IL-2, and IL-12p70 levels in mice after 14 days of treatment and enhanced the natural killer (NK) cell activity of splenocytes from mice with CTX-induced immunosuppression against YAC-1 lymphoma cells.
Here, we show that combining low doses of IL-2 cplxs with rapamycin and blockade of the inflammatory cytokine IL-6 leads to long-term (>75 d) survival of major histocompatibility complex-different skin allografts without the need for immunosuppression.
The results showed that PCB126 caused immunosuppression as evidenced by inhibiting the ratios of thymus and spleen weights, changing the organizational structure and decreasing levels and mRNA expression of TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-2.
We included KT recipients aged 18 yr or older who received immunosuppression therapy with IL-2 receptor antagonist, mycophenolate mofetil, corticosteroids, and tacrolimus with negative cross-match, and compatible blood group.
Results showed that CP induced immunosuppression in mice which was demonstrated by decreased relative masses of spleen and thymus, contents of IL-2 and TNF-α, ratio of CD4<sup>+</sup> / CD8<sup>+</sup>, and increased population of NK cells.
We found that LYC alleviated AFB1-induced immunosuppression by relieving splenic structure injury and increasing the spleen weight, spleen coefficient, T lymphocyte subsets, the contents of IL-2, IFN-γ and TNF-α in serum, as well as the mRNA expression of IL-2, IFN-γ and TNF-α in spleen.
Analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytokine levels showed an increase in IL-2 levels with immunosuppression (p = 0.004) followed by decrease during post-treatment follow-up (p = 0.031).
The secretion of chemokines and cytokines, including soluble IL-2 receptor (sCD25), Transforming Growth Factor-β, IL-10, CXCL9, and CXCL10, mediates the systemic immunosuppression.
GIPS significantly raised the serum levels of immunoglobulin (Ig)A and IgG, promoted the production of interleukins (ILs), including IL-2, IL-3 and IL-6, interferons, including interferon (IFN)-α and IFN-γ, and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 in the spleen, which resulted in accelerating recovery of immunosuppression.
Induction immunosuppression with antibody therapy is recommended at transplantation and non-depleting interleukin-2 receptor monoclonal antibodies (IL2Ra) are considered first line.
EP4 Antagonism by E7046 diminishes Myeloid immunosuppression and synergizes with Treg-reducing IL-2-Diphtheria toxin fusion protein in restoring anti-tumor immunity.
The results showed that PSG-1 protected mice against CTX-mediated immunosuppression, as evidenced by enhancing the ratios of thymus and spleen weights to body weight, promoting T cell and B cell survival, and increasing levels of TNF-α and IL-2.
Their combined potency attributed to decreased TGF-β1 and IL-10 with respect to the down-regulating effect of artesunate on immunosuppression of NK killing, lymphocyte proliferation and expressions of IL-2Rα and CD3ε(+)ζ(+), was about 60%-90%.
Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species control T cell activation by regulating IL-2 and IL-4 expression: mechanism of ciprofloxacin-mediated immunosuppression.
Long-term humanized anti-interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor alpha (Daclizumab) therapy has few side effects and is as effective as standard immunosuppression for treating severe uveitis.
To analyze whether behavioral conditioned immunosuppression is possible in humans, healthy subjects in this double-blind, placebo-controlled study were conditioned in four sessions over 3 consecutive days, receiving the immunosuppressive drug cyclosporin A as an unconditioned stimulus paired with a distinctively flavored drink (conditioned stimulus) each 12 h. In the next week, re-exposure to the conditioned stimulus (drink), but now paired with placebo capsules, induced a suppression of immune functions as analyzed by the IL-2 and IFN-gamma mRNA expression, intracellular production, and in vitro release of IL-2 and IFN-gamma, as well as lymphocyte proliferation.
After analyzing the function of the IL-2 and FasL portions individually in vitro, a delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction to sheep red blood cells as model for cell-mediated immune responses was investigated to evaluate the IL-2-IgG-FasL-mediated immunosuppression in vivo.
These findings are consistent with the conclusion that: (a) multiple dysregulations exist in the production of cytokines important in immune homeostasis; (b) a defect occurs at or prior to the level of transcription of IL-2 mRNA; (c) IL-10 does not play a direct role in the pathogenesis of posttransplantation immunosuppression; and (d) there is no evidence that peripheral blood stem cells may be superior to bone marrow-derived stem cells in accelerating immune reconstitution.