At admission, TGF-β1 was close to control in all study groups, VEGF increased with severity of the disease, and MCP-1 increased in group C. Six months after correction of VUR, despite clinical and laboratory improvement, TGF-β1 and MCP-1 increased while VEGF decreased compared to the admission values in all groups; no amelioration of renal scarring was detected either by <sup>99m</sup>Tc-DMSA scintigraphy or renal histology.
The aim of this study was to assess the association between the transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) gene polymorphisms rs1800469 (commonly known as T-509C) and rs1982073 (commonly known as Leu (10)-->Pro) and primary vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) and renal scarring.
The aim of this study was to investigate whether the tissue KLK1 promoter and TGF-beta1 polymorphism are involved in primary vesicoureteric reflux (VUR) with renal progression in children.