Cavernous malformations are more likely to bleed or to increase in size during pregnancy, under the influence of female hormones and vascular growth factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor.
An overview of the association between congenital malformations and VEGF/NOTCH polymorphisms in humans will be discussed along with their potential mechanisms and processes as revealed by transgenic mouse models.
We genotyped 771 CVM cases, of whom 595 had the outflow tract malformation Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), and carried out TDT and case-control analyses using haplotype-tagging SNPs in VEGF.
Disturbed vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production during early heart morphogenesis causes endocardial cushion malformation, which results in congenital heart disease (CHD).
NOGA-guided analysis of regional myocardial perfusion abnormalities treated with intramyocardial injections of plasmid encoding vascular endothelial growth factor A-165 in patients with chronic myocardial ischemia: subanalysis of the EUROINJECT-ONE multicenter double-blind randomized study.
Excessive VEGF stimulation may play a pivotal role in the initiation and development of brain vessel malformations in states of relative endoglin insufficiency in adulthood.
Such a model should be useful for uncovering the role of VEGF isoforms in the mechanisms of angiogenesis and for investigating intracerebral hemorrhage due to ischemic stroke or congenital malformations.
In order to study the role of angiogenesis in AVMs, we have analyzed the expression of the endothelial cell mitogen vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and a novel endothelial cell-specific receptor tyrosine kinase, Tie, by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry in these malformations and surrounding brain tissue.