Immunoreactivity was compared between control and AD groups for neuropathological hallmarks (amyloid-β, tau, ubiquitin), Purkinje cells (calbindin), microglia (IBA1, HLA-DR), astrocytes (GFAP) basement-membrane associated molecules (fibronectin, collagen IV), endothelial cells (CD31/PECAM-1) and mural cells (PDGFRβ, αSMA).
We found decreased expression of CD31 in AD subjects with CAA types 1 and 2 compared with AD without CAA and an increase in COL4 in AD without CAA compared with controls.
Picalm mRNA was elevated in relation to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase but not factor VIII-related antigen or CD31 mRNA in the frontal cortex in AD.
We aimed to determine plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and the soluble forms of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) and platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (sPECAM-1) as surrogate markers for endothelial cell activation in clinically diagnosed patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD, n=260), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB, n=39) and non-demented controls (n=34).