The age-related decline in GH levels is variously interpreted as a symptom of neuroendocrine aging, as one of causes of altered body composition and other unwelcome symptoms of aging, or as a mechanism of natural protection from cancer and other chronic diseases.
The aim of this study was to investigate comorbidities including cerebral infarction, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and malignant tumours in patients with non-functioning pituitary adenomas (NFPA) with and without growth hormone replacement therapy (GHRT).
The aim of this study was to investigate comorbidities including cerebral infarction, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and malignant tumors in patients with non-functioning pituitary adenomas (NFPA) with and without growth hormone replacement therapy (GHRT).
Amongst these, the levels of autoantibodies against interleukin 29 (IL29), osteoprotegerin (OPG), survivin (SUR), growth hormone (GRH) and resistin (RES) were significantly higher in the cancer group compared to the reference group (p<0.05), whereas the level of autoantibody against cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated antigen-4 (CTLA4) was not significantly different between the two groups (p=0.38).
The risk of second malignant neoplasms was increased in CO-CS but not in AO-CS, which illustrates the need to closely follow patients on GH replacement because of a prior malignancy.
Our review of the literature regarding rhGH therapy in children with NS indicates that this therapy improves height velocity, but relatively few controlled clinical trials reporting adult height are available. rhGH treatment does not appear to be associated with adverse effects in these patients, but data on the possible development of malignancy during treatment are somewhat limited.
In consequence, we selected acromegaly and Laron syndrome due to GH receptor deficiency (GHRD) as models for excess and absence of GH action, and focused in the role of GH/GHR signaling in the genesis of cancer and diabetes.
This study confirms an increased risk of bone tumors but not overall cancer risk in subjects treated with GH in childhood for isolated GH deficiency or childhood short stature.
Incidence and mortality risks in the cohort were raised for several cancer sites, largely consequent on second primary malignancies in patients given r-hGH after cancer treatment.
Autocrine Human Growth Hormone Promotes Invasive and Cancer Stem Cell-Like Behavior of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells by STAT3 Dependent Inhibition of CLAUDIN-1 Expression.
Anamorelin hydrochloride is an oral ghrelin receptor agonist for the treatment of cancer anorexia-cachexia that stimulates release of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor 1, and improves food intake and body weight.
Recent reports have confirmed highest levels of growth hormone (GH) receptor (GHR) transcripts in melanoma, one of the most aggressive forms of human cancer.
In humans, syndromes of GH resistance or deficiency have no consistent effect on longevity, but can provide striking protection from cancer, diabetes and atherosclerosis.
Growth hormone (GH) excess in acromegaly is associated with increased precancerous colon polyps and soft tissue adenomas, whereas short-stature humans harboring an inactivating GH receptor mutation do not develop cancer.