In conclusion, the tumor suppressive miR-143-3p was identified as the most potent CD44 inhibitory miR, which affects growth characteristics of melanoma cells suggesting the implementation of miR-143-3p as as a potential anti-CD44 therapy of malignant melanoma.
Downregulated RNF128 activates Wnt signaling to induce cellular EMT and stemness by ubiquitinating and degrading CD44/CTTN, and RNF128 is a reliable diagnostic and prognostic biomarker, and a deeper understanding of RNF128 may contribute to the treatment of melanoma.
Our results suggest that HA-CD44 interactions with BMPR promote BMP4/7-dependent Id1/3 protein expression in melanoma, contributing to reduced survival in melanoma patients.
These results demonstrate DTIC perturbs, but not completely inhibits, the binding of CD44 ligand to membrane receptors, suggesting a basis for the poor prognosis associated with DTIC treatment of melanoma.
The expression levels of CD44 and ALDH1A1 were investigated in 107 skin cancer specimens including 58 (54%) basal cell carcinomas (BCC), 37 (35%) squamous cell carcinomas (SCC), and 12 (11%) melanomas using the tissue microarray (TMA) technique.
First, we developed a model system based on melanoma stem-like cells for experiments in vitro and in mouse xenografts, and we showed that cells expressing high levels of CD44 (CD44(+)) displayed a strong CSC phenotype while cells expressing low levels of CD44 (CD44(-)) did not.
Our analyses demonstrated, that although the melanomaCD44 fingerprint is qualitatively stable, quantitative changes are observed suggesting a possible role in tumour progression.
ADAM10 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 10) is involved in the ectodomain shedding of various substrates, including adhesion molecules such as L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1-CAM) and CD44, which are known to have important roles in the development of malignant melanoma.
CD44 surface expression and MMP-2 activity in the conditioned medium were increased to a greater extent in M21/OPN cells as compared with M21 or alpha(v)995 cells.
The role of alpha2beta1 integrin and CD44/CSPG receptor binding on human melanoma cell activation has been evaluated herein using triple-helical peptide ligands incorporating the alpha1(IV)382-393 and alpha1(IV)1263-1277 sequences, respectively.
In contrast to CD44- lymphatic cells, CD44v10+ lymphatic cells strongly bound to cultured human melanoma cells and to frozen tissue samples of melanomas.
For this reason, we have investigated the possibility that post-translational modifications of the CD44 standard receptor could play a pivotal role in regulating CD44-mediated functions in melanoma.
To address this issue, CD44s and CD44v expression was compared in cryopreserved and in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded biopsies obtained from the same basal cell carcinomas (BCC), squamous cell carcinomas (SCC), primary malignant melanomas (PMM) and metastatic malignant melanomas (MMM).