One of these was definitively classified by molecular analysis, as both the primary and metastatic tumors harbored the same inactivating PTCH1 mutation.
Although transcervical approach for RPLN metastases of PTC provided acceptable functional and oncological outcomes, half of the patients with RPLN metastasis have had distant metastasis and/or persistent locoregional disease.
One mutation in gene PTCH1 (Protein patched homolog 1) and two acquired anti-PD1 candidate resistance mutations of gene B2M (β2 microglobulin) were identified in association with distant metastasis.
The majority of cases of muscle metastasis were caused by PTC, and metastatic tumors in the skeletal muscle negatively impacted the survival of patients with PTC or FTC.
Therefore, our results help to understand the function of PTCH1 in NSCLC tumorigenesis and provide novel insights for the prevention of NSCLC metastasis.
We observed that higher mTORC2 activity enhanced the expression of a few hedgehog pathway molecules (Gli1, Gli2 and Ptch1) and amplified its target genes (Cyclin D1, Cyclin D2, Cyclin E, Snail, Slug and VEGF) both in mRNA and protein levels as corroborated by increased metastasis, angiogenesis, cellular proliferation and stem cell regeneration.
Overall, the presence of TERT promoter (odds ratio = 5.95; 95% confidence interval = 2.95-11.99), RAS mutations (odds ratio = 2.5; 95% confidence interval = 1.00-6.22), and RET/PTC rearrangements (odds ratio = 1.92; 95% confidence interval = 1.03-3.56) were found to be associated with a significantly increased risk for distant metastasis.
Interestingly, pretreatment with a FAK inhibitor resulted in a paradoxical increase in metastasis in a model of ATC, but decreased metastasis in a model of PTC.
These data suggest that miR-212 could facilitate PDAC progression and metastasis through targeting PTCH1, implicating a novel mechanism for the progression of PDAC.
RET/PTC 1 and 3 was associated with short-term disease dissemination (cervical lymph node recurrences and distant metastases) in young adults (p=0.001).
Although controversy continues about the appropriate surgical management of PTC, total thyroidectomy is usually indicated given the frequent multicentricity and metastases of the disease, which in turn, necessitates adjuvant RAI and careful surveillance.
The expression of CD82 and CD63 was analysed by reverse transcriptase-PCR (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry in benign goiter (n=12) and 75 primary thyroid carcinoma tissue specimens (PTC: 33, FTC: 24, UTC: 18) out of which 36 were non-metastasized primary tumors and 39 were metastasized tumors (regional lymph node and/or distant metastases).
An H-ras 13 mutation was found in 1 metastatic tumor and an N-ras 61 mutation in 1 intrathyroidal tumor. ret/PTC was identified in 3 intrathyroidal and 5 metastatic tumors.