Determining the different detection mechanisms, the phenotype of neurosecretion, and neural connections involving glucose-sensitive neurons is essential to understanding the response to hypoglycemia through modulation of food intake, thermogenesis, and activation of sympathetic and parasympathetic branches, inducing glucagon and epinephrine secretion and other hypothalamic-pituitary axis-dependent counterregulatory hormones, such as glucocorticoids and growth hormone.
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy may serve as a presurgical predictor of somatostatin analog therapy response in patients with growth hormone-secreting pituitary macroadenomas.
It acutely stimulates growth hormone (GH) secretion from the anterior pituitary glands and modulates hypothalamic circuits that control food intake and energy expenditure.
Recent advances in our knowledge about dura mater graft- and human pituitary-derived growth hormone-associated CJD patients have revealed that the combination of the infected CJD strain and the PRNP genotype of the patient determines their clinical, neuropathologic, and biochemical features.
These results suggest that central administration of ghrelin primarily act on hypothalamic GHRH neurons to stimulate GH release from the pituitary in the tilapia.
GnRH1 and GnRH3 were shown to stimulate growth hormone (Gh) release from primary culture of pituitary cells, and to decrease Gh contents in the pituitary of ricefield eels 12 h post injection.
We assessed the somatotropic activation, by evaluating growth hormone (GH) gene expression and protein content in the pituitary, as well is GH concentration in the serum.
The aim of this study was to evaluate growth hormone and cortisol secretion using the glucagon stimulation test in an elderly population without known hypothalamic-pituitary disease and to correlate growth hormone and cortisol peaks with age (less than or greater than 80 years) and body mass index.
Locally produced peripheral tissue GH, in contrast to circulating pituitary-derived endocrine GH, has been proposed to be both proapoptotic and prooncogenic.
Collectively, these data demonstrate a critical role for neurofibromin in hypothalamic-pituitary axis function and provide further insights into the short stature and GH deficits seen in children with NF1.
Because pituitary hormones such as growth hormone (GH), ACTH, and thyroid-stimulating hormone affect body weight and composition, appetite, insulin sensitivity, and lipoprotein metabolism, we investigated whether MCH exerts direct effects on the human pituitary to regulate energy balance using dispersed human fetal pituitaries (21-22 wk gestation) and cultured GH-secreting adenomas.
We conclude that low IGF-1 is common in patients with JS and short stature, and that growth hormone status and possibly hypothalamic-pituitary function should be evaluated in this patient population.
The most frequent of the latter include acquired forms secondary to injections of human cadaveric pituitary-derived growth hormone and the new variant of CJD--probably related to bovine spongiform encephalopathy.
The transcription factor pituitary-1 (Pit-1) is a homeodomain-containing protein that is expressed mainly in the pituitary, where it drives the expression of growth hormone, prolactin, and thyroid-stimulating hormone beta chain genes.
The characterization of pathological lesions in several other pituitary-expressed genes that are epistatic to GH1 (POU1F1, PROP1 and GHRHR) has identified additional causes of GH deficiency, the molecular genetics of which are also explored.
In conclusion, although somatic gene therapy for GH delivery is beneficial for pituitary dwarfism, it may have adverse metabolic consequences in those with normal hypothalamic-pituitary functions, and the female mice were more severely affected than males.
These results indicate that PSF protein can repress CS-A promoter activity in a tissue-specific manner in vitro and provide a possible mechanism by which expression of placental members of the GH family are inhibited in the pituitary in vivo.
The specific expression of growth hormone (GH) in the somatotrophic cells of the anterior pituitary is largely attributable to a short promoter in the 5' flanking region of the GH gene.
A complete hormonal evaluation in one of the patients showed abnormal growth hormone (GH) and gonadotropin responses to different stimuli, findings suggestive of a disorder of hypothalamic-pituitary regulation.