Less frequent expression of Dkk1 was found in lymph nodes metastases and bone metastases compared with adjacent non-tumoral breast tissues and primary breast tumours.
This review aimed to evaluate roles of bone turnover markers (BTMs), microRNAs (miRNAs), dickkopf1 (DKK1) and insulin like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) in lung cancer bone metastases.
Combined DKK1 and Kremen expression in cancer cells may serve as predictive markers of the osteoblastic response of breast and prostate cancer bone metastasis.
The Wnt inhibitor Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1) has been associated with the occurrence of bone metastases in osteotropic prostate cancer by inhibiting osteoblastogenesis.
Taken together, these results suggested that lung cancer-produced DKK1 may be an important mechanistic link between NSCLC and bone metastases, and targeting DKK1 may be an effective method to treat bone metastase of NSCLC.
The expression of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), osteoprotegerin (OPG), IL-7 and dickkopf-1 (DKK-1) was higher in primary tumors than in bone metastases.
DKK-1 may also play a role in osteoarthritis, metabolic bone disease (osteoporosis and Paget's disease), as well as multiple myeloma-associated bone disease and prostate cancer bone metastases.
Deregulated activity of Wnt growth factors resulting from overexpression of the Wnt inhibitor Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1) is known to contribute to formation of the osteoblastic component of PCa skeletal bone metastases.
Lack of noggin and possibly dickkopf-1 expression by cancer cells may be a relevant mechanism contributing to the osteoblast response in bone metastases.