The RIP1 protein levels in the GBC-SD and NOZ cells upon stimulation with increasing concentrations of TNF-α as indicated was examined using Western blot.
Our data provide evidence that autocrine TNF-α plays a role as a tumor promoter gene in gallbladder cancer cells, possibly by promoting proliferation and invasion through autocrine mechanisms.
Taken together, TNF-α can upregulate the expression of VEGF-C and promote the lymphangiogenesis of GBC via NF-κB combining with the promoter of VEGF-C.
These results suggest that TNFA -308 (G/A) polymorphism may influence the susceptibility of female gender gallbladder cancer in absence of gallstones while IL6 -174 G/C polymorphism does not seem to be playing significant role in the susceptibility to gallbladder cancer.
Furthermore, the combined treatment with the c-FLIP siRNA and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) significantly induced apoptosis in gallbladder carcinoma cells, as judged by the increases in pyknosis, caspase-3/7 activities, and Annexin V-propidium iodide labeling, a marker for chromatin condensation.
The expression of TNFmRNA, TNF and TNFR was detected by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry on the surgical specimens of hyperplasia, dysplasia and carcinoma of the gallbladder.