There was a 52.1% amputation rate; biochemical depletion was associated with risk of amputation with vitamin C (<i>P</i> < .01), albumin (<i>P</i> = .03), and hemoglobin (<i>P</i> = .01), markedly lower in patients managed with amputation than those managed conservatively.
AWC, Rutherford 5, no wound infection, normal serum albumin, direct angiosome, and cilostazol use were significant predictors of wound healing, and female gender and no cilostazol use were significant predictors of major amputation by a multivariate analysis.
Cox proportional hazards analyses revealed that lower body mass index (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.89, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.82-0.98, P = 0.03) and prior stroke (HR = 2.34, 95%CI = 1.10-4.85, P = 0.03) were independent predictors of all-cause death, and lower serum albumin (HR = 0.44, 95%CI = 0.22-0.92, P = 0.03) along with currently smoking (HR = 4.73, 95%CI = 1.43-14.1, P = 0.01) were independent predictors of major amputation in HD patients.
Factors associated with foot ulceration were previous amputation (OR, 10.19), peripheral arterial disease (OR, 6.16) and serum albumin (OR, 0.87); whereas previous and/or current ulceration (OR, 167.24 and 7.49, respectively) and foot deformity (OR, 15.28) were associated with amputation.