Programmed death ligand-1 (PD-1/PD-L1), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), EpCAM (Trop1) and Trop2, cancer-testis antigen MAGE-A3, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), folate receptor alpha (FRα), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and galectin-3 (Gal-3) have all been implicated as crucial factors involved with tumor survival and invasion.
CD274 knockout in IPF fibroblasts and targeting CD274 by FAK inhibition or CD274-neutralizing antibodies blunted invasion and attenuated fibrosis, suggesting that CD274 may be a novel therapeutic target in IPF.
The density of PD-1+ TILs, PD-L1+ TILs, CD4+ TILs, and CD3+ TILs both in the TI and combined tumor regions (TI and invasion margin) were significantly associated with local recurrence-free survival and overall survival (OS).
The interaction of the proteins programmed death-1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death ligand (PD-L1) creates an immunoregulatory axis promoting invasion of glioblastoma multiforme cells in the brain tissue.
Tissue PD-L1 expression was significantly higher in the GC patients with advanced T stage, presence of lympho-vascular invasion, lymph node metastasis, and peritoneal metastasis.
Multivariate analysis revealed that lymphoid follicle formation, the appearance of Tregs, pathological stage, and pleural invasion were independent prognostic factors related to overall survival, whereas TIL density and PD-L1 expression were not.
A positive correlation between PD-L1 negativity and mucinous and poorly cohesive carcinoma could be shown (p = 0.043), while no association existed for either gender, T-stage, N-stage, grading, surgical resection status, neoadjuvant therapy, distant metastases, lymphovascular or perineural invasion.
Correlation with clinicopathological parameters and survival analyses revealed that PD-L1 positivity in eCCA was related to the absence of venous invasion (P = 0.030), improved overall survival (P = 0.020) and progressionfree survival (P = 0.011).
Taken together, our data indicate that in glioma cells, PD-L1 is induced to prevent autophagic cytoskeleton collapse via Akt binding/activation, facilitating glioma cell invasion upon starvation stress.
The expression of PD-L1 can be utilized as an independent factor in judging the prognosis of colorectal cancer, and patients with advanced cancer or lymphatic invasion are more likely to express PD-L1.
PD-1 (p = 0.006) and PD-L1 expressions (p = 0.001) in addition to LVSI (p = 0.005), myometrial invasion (p = 0.015), lymph node involvement (p = 0.019), and suboptimal cytoreduction (p = 0.042), were found to be associated with poor prognostic indicators.
A logistic regression analysis with backward elimination revealed that the presence of lymphatic and vessel invasion and PD-L1 positivity were independently associated with the EZH2 expression, while age over 70 years, the presence of vessel invasion, wild-type epidermal growth factor receptor, and EZH2 positivity were significantly associated with the PD-L1 expression.
Functional CD3<sup>+</sup>CD8<sup>+</sup>PD1<sup>-</sup> T Cell Accumulation and PD-L1 Expression Increases During Tumor Invasion in DCIS of the Breast.
EMT increases the capacities of migration and invasion in gastric cancer cells, which resulted in up-regulation of PD-L1 expression via a mechanism that is dependent on NF-κB activation.
The IHC data showed that 59.74% of the PCCs/PGLs expressed PD-L1, and the extent of expression was highly correlated with Ki-67 (P = .019) and hypertension (P = .013) but not with age, sex, tumor size, capsular invasion, tumor necrosis, relapse/distant metastasis, secretion of noradrenaline/adrenaline/dopamine, or diabetes mellitus.