Comparative full transcriptome profile analysis of the hair bulb region of normal and miniaturized hair follicles from vertex and occipital region in males with and without androgenetic alopecia revealed that next to the androgen receptor as well the retinoid receptor and particularly the PPAR pathway is involved in progressive hair miniaturization.
In this commentary, we use microcompetition to explain how common latent viruses can cause transcription factor deficiency, overexpression of 5α-reductase and AR, and male-pattern baldness.
This review describes recent studies on the role of androgens and androgen receptor (AR) transactivation activity in modulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the dermal papilla cells of the balding scalp in androgenetic alopecia.
Our results do not confirm a possible correlation or linkage disequilibrium between the CAG/GGC haplotypes of the AR gene and androgenetic alopecia in Mexican brothers.
These results define androgen/androgen receptor signaling as an accelerator of premature senescence in dermal papilla cells and suggest that the androgen/androgen receptor-mediated DNA damage-p16(INK4a) axis is a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of androgenetic alopecia.
We previously reported greater therapeutic efficacy of finasteride in Japanese male androgenetic alopecia (MAGA) patients in cases where the CAG repeats of the androgen receptor (AR) gene were short.
Therapeutic hotline. Genetic variations in the androgen receptor gene and finasteride response in women with androgenetic alopecia mediated by epigenetics.
The rs6152G/AAR gene polymorphism has been reported to be associated with male pattern baldness (MPB), which is a common characteristic of males in PCOS families.
The one man in seven who harbors risk alleles at both 20p11.22 and AR (encoding the androgen receptor) has a sevenfold-increased odds of androgenic alopecia (OR = 7.12, P = 3.7 x 10(-15)).
We analyzed a silent polymorphism in the androgen receptor gene (AR) in a group of 41 bald males and 39 non-bald males, and found a significant association (p < 0.0026), thus confirming the previously reported association between MPB and the AR gene.
The CAG and GGC repeats in the AR have been studied extensively as markers of prostate cancer susceptibility, with inconclusive findings, whereas the AR-E211 G>A polymorphism has been associated with androgenetic alopecia.
The ubiquity of the androgen receptor gene StuI restriction site, and higher incidence of shorter triplet repeat haplotypes in bald men suggests that these markers are very close to a functional variant that is a necessary component of the polygenic determination of male pattern baldness.