Most of these eleven genetic variants were involved in GPCR signaling and receptor binding pathways whereas four were involved in chronic kidney failure. rs833061 [OR 2.08 (95% CI 1.63-2.66)] in the VEGFA gene and rs3917887 [OR 2.04 (95% CI 1.64-2.54)] in the CCL2 gene showed the most significant association with the risk of diabetic nephropathy.
Four polymorphisms showed association with ESRD: rs1801275 in the interleukin 4 receptor (IL4R) gene (OR: 0.66 (95%CI = 0.46-0.95); p = 0.025; overdominant model), rs4586 in chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) gene (OR: 0.70 (95%CI = 0.54-0.90); p = 0.005; additive model), rs301640 located in an intergenic binding site for signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 (STAT4) (OR: 1.82 (95%CI = 1.17-2.83); p = 0.006; additive model) and rs7830 in the nitric oxide synthase 3 (NOS3) gene (OR: 1.31 (95%CI = 1.01-1.71); p = 0.043; additive model).