Here, we analyze the humoral immune response in AD to survey whether APP<sup>+1</sup> or UBB<sup>+1</sup> frameshift proteins, produced as a consequence of the "molecular misreading" alteration in AD occurring in the APP (amyloid precursor protein) and UBB (ubiquitin-B protein) proteins' mRNA, elicit the production of autoantibodies specific of AD.
The results showed that: (1) APP/PS1-AD mice had lower spontaneous alternation in the Y-maze than wild-type (WT) mice, and this was significantly reversed by AVP(4-8); (2) the prolonged escape latency of APP/PS1-AD mice in the Morris water maze was significantly decreased by AVP(4-8), and the decreased swimming time in target quadrant recovered significantly after AVP(4-8) treatment; (3) in vivo hippocampal LTP induced by high-frequency stimulation had a significant deficit in the AD mice, and this was partly rescued by AVP(4-8); (4) AVP(4-8) significantly up-regulated the expression levels of postsynaptic density 95 (PSD95) and nerve growth factor (NGF) in the hippocampus of AD mice.
Moreover, as activation of δ-opioid receptor by a non-peptidic δ-opioid receptor agonist also modulates the expression, maturation and processing of amyloid precursor protein and β-secretase activity, the potential role of these effects on ischemic stroke caused dementia or Alzheimer's disease are also discussed.
Based on the amyloid cascade hypothesis, the main component of senile plaques, the amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide, and its derivative called amyloid precursor protein (APP) both have been found to place their central roles in AD development for years.
Here, we report that PBMT reduced Aβ production and plaque formation by shifting amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing toward the nonamyloidogenic pathway, thereby improving memory and cognitive ability in a mouse model of AD.
We found one potential candidate (referred as ligand 1) that binds to the key catalytic residues of BACE1 and predicts to inhibit abnormal APP processing and reduce Aβ levels in AD neurons.
AHI1 facilitates intracellular amyloid precursor protein (APP) translocation to inhibit amyloidogenic pathology of AD, and thus may be an AD biomarker.
GPR40 agonist GW9508 and antagonist GW1100 were respectively given by i.c.v. injection to activate/inhibit the GPR40 in the brain of APP/PS1 mice which illustrated the function and mechanism of GPR40 in ameliorating AD symptoms.
To reveal the influence of Kai-Xin-San (KXS) on lipid metabolism in APP/PSI transgenic mice and potential therapeutic targets for treating AD, the brain tissue samples were collected and analyzed by high-throughput lipidomics based on UPLC-Q/TOF-MS tool.
This study investigated S-nitrosylation in synaptosomal proteins isolated from APP/PS1 model mice in comparison to wild type and NOS2<sup>-/-</sup> mice, as well as human control, mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease brain tissues.
Presenilin 1 (PSEN1), presenilin 2 (PSEN2), and amyloid precursor protein (APP) genes account for the majority of autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease (AD), with PSEN1 being the most common.
In this study, we tested if local protein synthesis at synapses is deregulated in the brains of TgCRND8 mice, an animal model for Alzheimer's disease (AD) overexpressing mutant human amyloid precursor protein (APP).
In search for a treatment approach of AD, we found that inhibition of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) by a centrally acting ACE inhibitor retards symptoms of neurodegeneration, Abeta plaque formation and tau hyperphosphorylation in experimental models of AD.
Phytol and Phytol-PLGA NPs treatment downregulated the expression of AD associated genes viz Aβ, ace-1 and hsp-4 and upregulated the gene involved in the longevity to nematodes (dnj-14) and it also reduced the expression of Aβ peptide at the protein level.
Taken together, our data showed that mAb A8 is highly efficacious in APP/PS1 mice as a treatment for AD, and the underlying mechanism may target synaptic pathology by inhibiting the amyloid cascade.
The most studied substrates include the Notch family of receptors, involved in cell differentiation, and the amyloid precursor protein (APP), involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.
Here we review recent progresses in the field and discuss the physiological importance of APP-Contactin interaction, as well as their roles and contributions in the pathophysiology of AD.
Our findings suggest that aberrant autophagy is not only a consequence of abnormal APP activity, but also contributes to dysregulated APP metabolism and subsequent AD pathogenesis.
A neuropathologic hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the presence of senile plaques that contain neurotoxic amyloid-β protein (Aβ) species, which are generated by the cleavage of APP by secretases such as the γ-secretase complex, preferentially located in detergent-resistant membrane (DRM) regions and comprising endoproteolysed amino- and carboxyterminal fragments of presenilin, nicastrin, anterior pharynx defective 1, and presenilin enhancer 2.
Here, we investigated the neuroprotective and restorative involvement of the DA DA-JC1 and liraglutide (Lg), a single GLP-1 receptor analogue, in vitro using human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) against oxidative stress induced by oxygen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>), and in vivo, in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD), APP/PS1.