Gastroesophageal reflux (GER), excessive crying, and constipation are common gastrointestinal symptoms in infancy of multifactorial origin in which psychosocial stress factors play an important role.
Phase I and II clinical trials of NT3 (for constipation and neuropathy) have shown that peripheral high doses are safe and well tolerated, which paves the way for NT3 as a therapy for stroke.ANN NEUROL 2019;85:32-46.
Among the 57.5 million individuals included, 45% received at least one reimbursement among the 130 million prescriptions reimbursed (90% prescribed by a general practitioner): proton-pump inhibitors (PPI; A02BC: 24%), drugs for functional gastrointestinal disorders (A03: 20%), drugs for constipation (A06: 10%), antidiarrheals, intestinal anti-inflammatory/anti-infective agents (A07: 10%), antiemetics and antinauseants (A04: 7%), other drugs for acid-related disorders (A02X: 6%), other drugs for peptic ulcer and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (A02BX: 4.5%), antacids (A02A: 1.5%).
Tegaserod, a serotonin (5-HT4) agonist initially approved for constipation but withdrawn from use in 2007 because of concerns about cardiovascular adverse effects, was resubmitted to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2018 for use in a restricted population.
The presence of CRBN AA (rs6768972) or TT (rs1672753) genotypes was associated with about 333-fold and 250-fold lower risk of constipation in the course of therapy (OR = 0·003; OR = 0·004, respectively).
Copy number of <i>Lactobacillus</i> (<i>P</i> = 0.045) and <i>Bifidobacterium</i> (<i>P</i> = 0.011) showed correlation with IL-10 in IBS-C, while Gram-positive (<i>P</i> = 0.031) and Gram-negative bacteria (<i>P</i> = 0.010) showed correlation with CXCL-11 in IBS-D patients.
To investigate the therapeutic effects of protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR-2) agonist SLIGRL-NH<sub>2</sub> on loperamide-induced Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat constipation animal models.
SYN-010 is a modified-release statin formulation that reduces methane production by Methanobrevibacter smithii and is currently in development for the treatment of patients with constipation-predominant IBS.
TAN-452 is a peripherally acting opioid receptor antagonist with selectivity for DOR that attenuates morphine-induced side effects, such as nausea, vomiting, and constipation, without affecting pain control.
Copy number of <i>Lactobacillus</i> (<i>P</i> = 0.045) and <i>Bifidobacterium</i> (<i>P</i> = 0.011) showed correlation with IL-10 in IBS-C, while Gram-positive (<i>P</i> = 0.031) and Gram-negative bacteria (<i>P</i> = 0.010) showed correlation with CXCL-11 in IBS-D patients.
TAN-452 is a peripherally acting opioid receptor antagonist with selectivity for DOR that attenuates morphine-induced side effects, such as nausea, vomiting, and constipation, without affecting pain control.
Furthermore, probiotic administration increased p-AKT and Bcl-2 levels in the hippocampus of the constipated mice, while decreasing the concentrations of Bax and cleaved caspase-3, so as to inhibit the neural apoptosis.
Overall, 90.4% of patients in the biguanide group, 83.6% in the thiazolidinedione group, 83.6% in the alpha-glucosidase group and 85.3% in the glinide group reported one or more treatment-emergent adverse event, the most common of which were nasopharingitis, nausea and constipation.
Higher severity of constipation correlated with older age (r = 0.728, P < 0.001), higher MDS-UPDRS total score (r = 0.285, P < 0.001), worse postural instability (r = 0.190, P = 0.012), rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder (r = 0.228, P < 0.0001) and depression (r = 0.187, P = 0.024).
The levels of aquaporins (AQP-2, AQP-3, and AQP-4) and inhibitory neurotransmitters (nitric oxide, nitric oxide synthetase, vasoactive intestinal peptide, and arginine vasopressin) in the BC-treated groups reduced by 31.9-40.0% ( p < 0.01) and 21.1-67.7% ( p < 0.01) compared to those in the constipation group, respectively.
Higher severity of constipation correlated with older age (r = 0.728, P < 0.001), higher MDS-UPDRS total score (r = 0.285, P < 0.001), worse postural instability (r = 0.190, P = 0.012), rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder (r = 0.228, P < 0.0001) and depression (r = 0.187, P = 0.024).
We defined dyssynergic defecation by constipation symptoms and a positive reference test (anorectal manometry [ARM], defecography, or electromyography [EMG]).