The expression profiles of some efflux transporters such as BCRP, LRP, and MDR1 in mice retina during diabetic and/or aging conditions are tested, and the attenuated expression of BCRP, LRP, and MDR1 along with the breakdown of the inner BRB is found, which may be linked to the pathogenesis of early DR.
The expression profiles of some efflux transporters such as BCRP, LRP, and MDR1 in mice retina during diabetic and/or aging conditions are tested, and the attenuated expression of BCRP, LRP, and MDR1 along with the breakdown of the inner BRB is found, which may be linked to the pathogenesis of early DR.
We performed a meta-analysis of 53 studies comprising 17,791 subjects investigating the angiotensin-I converting enzyme insertion/deletion polymorphism, taking into account the requirement for diabetic retinopathy in the case definition and assuming a random-effects model.
The meta-analysis was performed in order to assess the correlation between the pattern of ACE gene polymorphism and DR. From four studies available, the author evaluated type II diabetic patients with (Group 1; n=432) and without DR (Group 2; n=329).
The distribution of the ACE2350 G/A genotypes (GG, GA, and AA) was 35.56, 45.55, and 18.89 % in the NC group, 28.57, 46.03, and 25.40 % in the NDR group, and 15.85, 46.34, and 37.81 % in the DR group, respectively.
In this study, we performed a meta-analysis to assess the association of insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism in the ACE gene with DR in the Chinese population.
Studies involving angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors are currently underway to elucidate the efficacy of these drugs in further reducing the progression of diabetic retinopathy by means other than just hypertensive control.
Although no association was found between ACE gene polymorphism and diabetic retinopathy or nephropathy, this polymorphism was associated with MI in the patients with NIDDM.
In conclusion in Pakistani population the ACE ID polymorphism was observed to be significantly associated with DR and NPDR, but not with the severe form of the disease i.e. proliferative DR (PDR).
Long-standing clinical course of DR; medication with insulin, sulfonylurea, or ACE inhibitors; and serum creatinine levels are factors possibly associated with changes in ET-1 expression in PBMCs.
Neither the 4G/5G PAI-1 gene polymorphism nor the I/D ACE gene polymorphism contributed to the genetic susceptibility to diabetic retinopathy, either non-proliferative, proliferative or severe proliferative diabetic retinopathy, i.e. visual acuity of 0.1 or less in the better eye, in a group of Caucasian subjects with type 2 diabetes.
These findings indicate that I/D polymorphism of ACE gene is not a useful marker and is unlikely to play a major role in determining genetic susceptibility to diabetic retinopathy or the severity of diabetic retinopathy.
Compared with Akita mice, ACE2<sup>-/y</sup> -Akita at 9-months of diabetes showed an increased number of acellular capillaries indicative of more severe diabetic retinopathy.
These results provide proof of concept for feasibility of using engineered probiotic species as live vector for delivery of human ACE2 with enhanced tissue bioavailability for treating diabetic retinopathy, as well as other diabetic complications.
We examine here the interaction between smoking and ACP1 as a mediator of susceptibility to diabetic retinopathy in a sample of puerperae with type 1 diabetes.