In conclusion, bone fracture incidence in HD patients is high and its risk increases with age, female gender, lower serum albumin, and with the presence of more VC.
Pre-HD albumin and creatinine levels are more accurate than post-HD levels and other nutritional indices in predicting one-year and five-year mortalities in HD patients.
In hemodialysis (HD) patients, the bromcresol green (BCG) assay overestimates, whereas the bromcresol purple (BCP) assay underestimates albumin concentration.
Albumin-corrected calcium (cCa) is recommended over ionized calcium (iCa) in hemodialysis (HD) patients per the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes position statements due to cost and feasibility.
The addition of albumin and hsCRP to the conventional risk factors markedly increased predictive powers for all-cause mortality in HD patients (NRI, 19.0; IDI, 0.035).
Cox proportional hazards analyses revealed that lower body mass index (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.89, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.82-0.98, P = 0.03) and prior stroke (HR = 2.34, 95%CI = 1.10-4.85, P = 0.03) were independent predictors of all-cause death, and lower serum albumin (HR = 0.44, 95%CI = 0.22-0.92, P = 0.03) along with currently smoking (HR = 4.73, 95%CI = 1.43-14.1, P = 0.01) were independent predictors of major amputation in HD patients.
Albumin separated from hypoalbuminemic HD patients increased endothelial mRNA expression of cytokines and adhesion molecules, and augmented secretion of IL-6.
Therefore, the purpose of this observational study was to analyze the association of albumin leakage with mortality in 690 HD patients who survived one year after enrollment.