We have characterized peptide-specific CD8+ T lymphocytes directly ex vivo from peripheral blood in humans with past exposure to influenza virus, using single cell interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) release as a measure of effector function.
To examine this effect in a well-defined system, we studied double transgenic mice expressing influenza hemagglutinin (HA) on pancreatic islet beta cells and an HA-specific TCR on CD4 T cells.
Two of three possible internally translated proteins were immunologically identified in cells overexpressing CREM-Ib deltaC-X tagged with the hemagglutinin epitope of the influenza virus.
To study the putative function of O-acetyl-GD3, we established stably transfected AbC-1 amelanotic hamster melanoma cells with O-acetylesterase gene from influenza C virus to hydrolyze the O-acetyl group from O-acetyl-GD3.
To study the putative function of O-acetyl-GD3, we established stably transfected AbC-1 amelanotic hamster melanoma cells with O-acetylesterase gene from influenza C virus to hydrolyze the O-acetyl group from O-acetyl-GD3.
To study the putative function of O-acetyl-GD3, we established stably transfected AbC-1 amelanotic hamster melanoma cells with O-acetylesterase gene from influenza C virus to hydrolyze the O-acetyl group from O-acetyl-GD3.
Because the B-cell population is the source of antibody production, our findings suggest that the decrease in B-cell GH mRNA may contribute to the poor immune response to influenza virus vaccination that has been reported previously in chronically stressed caregivers.
Using the 5' UTR of the influenza virus nucleocapsid protein (NP) mRNA as bait, we identified the cellular RNA-recognition motif containing RNA-binding protein G-rich sequence factor 1 (GRSF-1) as a positive-acting translational regulatory factor.
Using the 5' UTR of the influenza virus nucleocapsid protein (NP) mRNA as bait, we identified the cellular RNA-recognition motif containing RNA-binding protein G-rich sequence factor 1 (GRSF-1) as a positive-acting translational regulatory factor.
Using the 5' UTR of the influenza virus nucleocapsid protein (NP) mRNA as bait, we identified the cellular RNA-recognition motif containing RNA-binding protein G-rich sequence factor 1 (GRSF-1) as a positive-acting translational regulatory factor.
Using the 5' UTR of the influenza virus nucleocapsid protein (NP) mRNA as bait, we identified the cellular RNA-recognition motif containing RNA-binding protein G-rich sequence factor 1 (GRSF-1) as a positive-acting translational regulatory factor.
Using the 5' UTR of the influenza virus nucleocapsid protein (NP) mRNA as bait, we identified the cellular RNA-recognition motif containing RNA-binding protein G-rich sequence factor 1 (GRSF-1) as a positive-acting translational regulatory factor.
Using the 5' UTR of the influenza virus nucleocapsid protein (NP) mRNA as bait, we identified the cellular RNA-recognition motif containing RNA-binding protein G-rich sequence factor 1 (GRSF-1) as a positive-acting translational regulatory factor.
Double transgenic (dTg) mice expressing the hemagglutinin (HA) of influenza virus under the insulin promoter and the TCR specific for the immunodominant CD4 T cell epitope of HA (HA110-120) develop insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM).
However, immunization of old and young mice with plasmids expressing the HA gene induced comparable clearance of influenza virus from the lungs and the same level of protection from a lethal challenge with live WSNinfluenza virus.
We have used a murine model of influenza virus infection to study the role of CD28-dependent costimulation in the development of antiviral immune responses.
This perspective from Hong Kong SAR marks the coming-of-age of acceptance of the role of avian hosts as a source of pandemic human influenza viruses and offers the prospect of providing a good baseline for influenza pandemic preparedness in the future.Improved surveillance is the key.
This perspective from Hong Kong SAR marks the coming-of-age of acceptance of the role of avian hosts as a source of pandemic human influenza viruses and offers the prospect of providing a good baseline for influenza pandemic preparedness in the future.Improved surveillance is the key.