Regarding GKD subtypes, patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), but not patients with minimal change disease (MCD), had a significantly higher mRNA expression of B7-1 and NPHS1 than healthy subjects (P = 0.012 and P = 0.030, respectively).
Due to its pleiotropic character, IL-17A is involved in the development of atherosclerosis, hypertension, diabetic nephropathy, ischaemia-reperfusion injury, fibrosis, glomerulonephritis, nephrotic syndrome, minimal change disease and acute renal allograft rejection.
Of the 64 patients, 17 were mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (MsPGN), 15 were IgA nephropathy (IgAN), 12 were membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN), 11 were focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), three were membranous proliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN), three were immune complex glomerulonephritis (ICGN), two were minimal change disease (MCD), and one was IgM nephropathy (IgMN).
The calculated area of RANK mRNA levels under the curve was 0.61 for minimal change disease (MCD), 0.97 for membranous nephropathy (MN), 0.65 for IgA nephropathy (IgAN), 0.70 for lupus nephritis (LN) and 0.70 for focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS).
Renal α-Klotho expression was significantly lower and urinary calcium excretion (UCa/UCr) significantly higher in diabetic nephropathy than in IgA nephropathy or minimal change disease.
Among 42 patients, podocin was normally expressed in glomeruli in purpura nephritis, IgA nephropathy (IgAN), and minimal-change disease (MCD), while it was either decreased or absent in most subjects with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS).
CD80, which regulates T cell activation, may provide a differential diagnostic marker between minimal change disease (MCD) and other renal diseases, including focal segmental glomerular sclerosis (FSGS).
The aims of this study were (1) to detect toll-like receptor (TLR)-3, TLR-4 and CD80 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and estimate urinary CD80 levels in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome and (2) to investigate the utility of these markers to differentiate between biopsy-proven minimal change disease (MCD) and focal segmental glomeruloscelerosis (FSGS).
CD80 is a podocytes protein that may play a role in proteinuria, particularly in Minimal Change Disease whereas the soluble urokinase receptor (suPAR) is characteristically elevated in the serum of FSGS patients.
Minimal change disease (MCD) is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in children and is associated with the expression of CD80 in podocytes and the increased excretion of CD80 in urine.
Bevacizumab, a monoclonal antibody against VEGF, is known to cause thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA), while tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) that block VEGF downstream are mainly associated with minimal change disease or focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.