<b>Background:</b> Studies examining associations between circulating concentrations of C-peptide and total adiponectin, two biomarkers related to obesity and insulin secretion and sensitivity and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) risk have shown inconsistent results and included limited numbers of smokers.<b>Methods:</b> We examined associations of these biomarkers and high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin with PDA, overall, and by smoking status.
Obesity increases the expression of leptin and other cytokines, as well as some macrophage and inflammatory markers, and decreases adiponectin expression in adipose tissue.A number of cytokines, e.g. tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), and some pro-inflammatory interleukins, leuckocyte antigens, chemochines, surface adhesion molecules and metalloproteases are up-regulated whereas other factors are down-regulated.
Obesity is a well-established risk factor for endometrial cancer, due in part to the adipokines generated by adipose tissue, such as adiponectin (also known as Acrp30) and leptin, which are associated with many endocrine-related cancers.
Obesity is per se associated with increased adipose expression and plasma levels of leptin, lower expression of adiponectin, and marginally elevated expression of IL-6, but PCOS does not appear to have an independent effect on the adipose expression of leptin, adiponectin, and IL-6 or the circulating adipocytokines.
Obesity in pregnancy is associated with negative regulation of adpN adipose expression with increase in adpN DNA methylation associated with lower mRNA concentrations and hypoadiponectinemia.
Obesity, a known risk factor for liver fibrosis is associated with reduced levels of adiponectin, a protein that inhibits liver fibrosis in vivo and limits HSC proliferation and migration in vitro.
Obesity and the metabolic syndrome (MS) are characterized by an increase in circulating leptin concentrations, in parallel to a decrease in blood levels of adiponectin.
Obesity was associated with higher adiponectin-resistin index value in sera (P < 0.0001) and decreased in subcutaneous adipose tissue (P < 0.001), but only adiponectin-resistin index measured in sera was significantly higher in obese with the metabolic syndrome (P = 0.04).
Obesity is associated to a low-grade inflammation that alters the expression of adiponectin, leptin, IL-6, Monocyte Chemotactic Protein 1 (MCP1), TRAIL, LIGHT/TNFSF14, OPG, and TNFα.
Obesity and diabetes were associated with increased leptin and decreased adiponectin plasma levels, higher protein expression of leptin and IL-6 in SAT, and higher visfatin protein expression in EAT.
Adiponectin (ACRP30), an adipocyte-secreted protein encoded by the APM1 gene, is known to modulate insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis, those effects protecting obese mice from diabetes.
Adiponectin gene expression and plasma values in obese women during very-low-calorie diet. Relationship with cardiovascular risk factors and insulin resistance.
Adiponectin is one of the key molecules in the metabolic syndrome, and its concentration is decreased in obesity, type-2 diabetes, and coronary artery disease.
Adiponectin gene variations showed an association with obesity and insulin sensitivity, and adiponectin genotypes may predict the increasing risk for type 2 diabetes in non-diabetic subjects.