We found that the genotypes associated with the highest OSF risk for collagen 1A1, collagen 1A2, collagenase-1, transforming growth factor beta1, lysyl oxidase, and cystatin C were CC, AA, TT, CC, AA, and AA, respectively, for the low-exposure group, and TT, BB, AA, CC, GG, and AA, respectively, for the high-exposure group.
Inhibitory effect of GMI, an immunomodulatory protein from Ganoderma microsporum, on myofibroblast activity and proinflammatory cytokines in human fibrotic buccal mucosal fibroblasts.
The top three up-regulated genes [Loricrin, Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), Cys-X-Cys ligand 9 (CXCL9)] with the largest fold changes and the top two down-regulated genes [keratin 19 (KRT19), cytochrome P450 3A5 (CYP 3A5)] with the most significantly differential changes in OSF were chosen as candidate biomarkers.
The overall prevalence of HR-HPV 16 E6 DNA positivity was nearly 26% by PCR and 27.4% by the HC-II assay in case of potentially malignant disorder of the oral lesions such as OSMF.
This study detects the polymorphisms at CYP1A1, GSTM1, and GSTT1 genes in a section of North Indian population and determines the susceptibility to oral submucous fibrosis (OSF).
The present study was therefore undertaken to investigate the association of polymorphisms in CYP1A1 m2 and CYP2E1 (RsaI/PstI) sites with risk of OSF among areca nut chewers in the Northern India population.
The present study was therefore undertaken to investigate the association of polymorphisms in CYP1A1 m2 and CYP2E1 (RsaI/PstI) sites with risk of OSF among areca nut chewers in the Northern India population.
The top three up-regulated genes [Loricrin, Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), Cys-X-Cys ligand 9 (CXCL9)] with the largest fold changes and the top two down-regulated genes [keratin 19 (KRT19), cytochrome P450 3A5 (CYP 3A5)] with the most significantly differential changes in OSF were chosen as candidate biomarkers.
Thus, our results demonstrated that DKK3 is upregulated in the carcinogenesis of OSF, due to gain of copy number, which could be a potential tumor marker for the early detection of OSCC.
Further functional enrichment analysis showed these differentially expressed lncRNAs participated in inflammation signaling, Wnt signaling, angiogenesis, CCKR signaling, integrin signaling, PDGF signaling, p53 signaling, and EGF receptor (EGFR) signaling pathways, which contribute to inflammatory and fibroelastic pathogenetic changes of OSF and further malignant progression.
Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF or CCN2) and early growth response-1 (Egr-1) are important mediators in the fibrotic response to TGFβ in several fibrotic disorders including OSF.
Arecoline activated YAP by increasing reactive oxygen species levels and inducing the PERK pathway (eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 3), resulting in the initiation of EndMT and leading to OSF.
Further validation was done by real time quantitative RT-PCR analysis; gene expression of Hsp-70 1B, Calreticulin, and Lumican variant were significantly increased (6.2-, 3.3-, 2.8- fold, respectively), whereas Enolase 1 was decreased by 0.5 fold in the OSMF tissues, consistent with proteomic results.
Hence, the identified protein marker, α-enolase can help in early therapeutic intervention of OSF patients leading to the reduction of patient's pain, treatment cost and enhancement of patient's quality of life.
Out of the 349 genes, 34 (including several S100 gene family members) were found to be deleted and 30 (containing NOTCH4, TP53 and ERBB2) were found as amplified in OSF and OC cases.
Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that FAS A(-1377)-G(-670) vs. G(-1377)-A(-670) haplotype (OR = 2.26, 95% CI = 1.16-4.41) was correlated with the malignant potential of OSF.
Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis was used to determine the FAS and FASL polymorphisms in 294 oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), 53 oral submucous fibrosis (OSF), and 84 oral leukoplakia (OL) patients, as well as in 333 healthy controls.